INITIAL TEACHER PREPARATION FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN: PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' BELIEFS ABOUT STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS AND THEIR INCLUSION IN MAINSTREAM CLASSROOMS: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY

The notion of inclusive education has become a widespread discussion topic and common practice internationally. Globally inclusion conveys the broad meaning of supporting and welcoming children’s diversity and meeting their varied individual needs (Ainscow, 2020; Graham, 2020). By bearing in mind the right of children to be educated without discrimination in schools, Kazakhstan is moving towards inclusion and spreading inclusive education in mainstream schools. Since signing the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD) in 2008 and ratifying it in 2015, Kazakhstan has prioritised special and inclusive education. The inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream schools is a key focus, as outlined in the State Programme for the Development of Education and Science for 2020-2025 (Ministry of Education and Science [MoES], 2019). However, there is a significant need for well-trained teachers and methodological support to promote inclusive education throughout Kazakhstani schools (MoES, 2019; 2021). To address this, understanding pre-service teachers' beliefs about inclusion is crucial for effectively implementing inclusive education policies and practices in secondary schools. This research, which examines pre-service teachers' beliefs regarding students with SEN and their inclusion, is grounded in critical realism. It offers a helpful framework for evaluating the underlying causes and mechanisms that result in certain beliefs. The study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-method design in two quantitative and qualitative phases. In the first phase of the study, the questionnaire that examines beliefs about students with SEN and future teachers’ self-efficacy and readiness to work in an inclusive environment was spread among pre-service teachers at 12 higher educational institutions in Kazakhstan. Then the qualitative phase of the study involved online semi-structured interviews with 12 pre-service teachers to explore their beliefs, concerns and suggestions regarding inclusive education and improvement of initial teacher education (ITE) for inclusion. vii The empirical findings of this study have the potential to contribute to the knowledge of inclusive education in Kazakhstan. The study provides insights that can inform policymakers in implementing educational reforms and improving teaching practices related to ITE for inclusion. This research also opens avenues for further exploration of pre-service teachers' beliefs about children with SEN and their inclusion in mainstream schools in Kazakhstan. Finally, this thesis offers several policy, practice, and future research suggestions to address the identified issues

The Pedagogical Conditions for Reflexive Culture Improvement of Future Teachers

Changes in the socio-political and economic guidelines of modern society have led to the advancement of new requirements for a university graduate to his preparedness level. A market economy with the fierce competition requires specialists who are sensitive to creative work, highly professional, mobile, capable of finding and implementing new, effective forms of organizing their activities.The research problem is to search for pedagogical conditions that ensure the formation of professional-pedagogical reflection in future teachers in the process of studying at a university.The purpose of the research is to identify the level of developed skills in reflexive culture and experimentally prove the pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional-pedagogical reflection of the students of the educational faculties and enhance future teacher reflexive culture, especially of the teacher of physical training.Drawing on educational practices at the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University (KAZNPU) further, this paper presents the results of the future teacher reflexive culture (RC) enhancement process. It presents various content-based approach models-including those that have been developed at the KAZNPU and, examines the decision-making process of future teacher reflexive culture enhancement for a particular educational setting.This research comes to the conclusion that during the development of future teachers' reflexive culture, it is necessary to use the set of methodological tools supporting the educational process

The Model of the Formation of Professional Training of Future Social Pedagogy Teachers in the Conditions of the University

Scientific and technical progress in era of globalization, as well as socio-economic changes occurring in the global world requires the enhancement in the field of science, education, and culture also lead to the innovations on pedagogical science, modern school, and the development of the teacher personality. The school faces the task of forming a comprehensive and harmoniously developed personality. Along with this, the vocational orientation of the student's personality already at the school level becomes most relevant, especially with the introduction of a 12-year education at school.Among all above mentioned, a special place is given to a social pedagogue's personality, since his professional activity acquires qualitatively new characteristics. Social pedagogue is a link between the school and other institutions, between parents and students, and can carry out their work in multifunctional areas such as socio-pedagogical, psychological-pedagogical, socio-legal and socio-economic sphere. Social pedagogue should also assist students in the professional orientation to develop themselves in competitive environment.This research aims to analyze the formation of professional training of future social pedagogy teachers in the conditions of the University. And in order to achieve this goal to do some tasks. We need to describe the process of professional training of teachers and do research on its condition at the university level.All these areas contain various aspects of the activity, and the preparation of future social teachers at the university level should be systematic, practice-oriented, and carried out at the very early stages of preparation at the University. Accordingly, the requirements for the quality of training should also change

Anticancer properties of bromelain: State-of-the-art and recent trends

Bromelain is a key enzyme found in pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.); a proteolytic substance with multiple beneficial effects for human health such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic, traditionally used in many countries for its potential therapeutic value. The aim of this updated and comprehensive review focuses on the potential anticancer benefits of bromelain, analyzing the cytotoxic, apoptotic, necrotic, autophagic, immunomodulating, and anti-inflammatory effects in cancer cells and animal models. Detailed information about Bromelain and its anticancer effects at the cellular, molecular and signaling levels were collected from online databases such as PubMed/MedLine, TRIP database, GeenMedical, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The results of the analyzed studies showed that Bromelain possesses corroborated pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, anti-edema, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anticoagulant, anti-osteoarthritis, anti-trauma pain, anti-diarrhea, wound repair. Nonetheless, bromelain clinical studies are scarce and still more research is needed to validate the scientific value of this enzyme in human cancer diseases

Phenolic compounds as Nrf2 inhibitors : potential applications in cancer therapy

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and involves an oxidative stress mechanism. The transcription factor Nrf2 has a crucial role in cytoprotective response against oxidative stress, including cancer growth and progression and therapy resistance. For this reason, inhibitors of Nrf2 are new targets to be studied. Traditional plant-based remedies rich in phytochemicals have been used against human cancers and phenolic compounds are known for their chemopreventive properties. This comprehensive review offers an updated review of the role of phenolic compounds as anticancer agents due to their action on Nrf2 inhibition. In addition, the role of naturally-occurring bioactive anticancer agents are covered in the clinical applications of polyphenols as Nrf2 inhibitors. EkynToSR555mbd1vVCBd11Video Abstrac

Challenges and Benefits of Blended Learning in Higher Education

This exploratory study researched the effectiveness of a graduate level blended learning course on the development of teachers, and educational leaders in Kazakhstan studying a Masters of Science in Educational Leadership at Nazarbayev University Graduate School of Education (NUGSE) in Kazakhstan. All of the student participants in this course were invited to participate in a survey and an interview. The findings include an analysis of the pedagogical practices which promote educational leadership skills among students via blended learning courses as well as the challenges both faculty and students faced during this course. Finally, the paper makes recommendations for policy and practice in relation to enhancing effectiveness of blended learning courses in higher education. It may be of particular interest to schools in the early stages of implementing blended learning..