214 research outputs found
Net Gains from Conjunctive Use of Surface and Ground Water
Pakistan is fortunate enough because its soils, topography and climate are generally suitable for farming but its agriculture sector faces the problem of scarcity of the irrigation water. This paucity of irrigation supplies has forced the farmers to use the ground water to augment their surface supplies. The quality of ground water in Pakistan varies from fit for irrigation to moderately saline to sodic. Thus the tubewell owners in the marginal quality ground water areas are bound to use the tubewell water in conjunction with the surface water on their farms. Currently the farmers are using about 65.75 BCM of ground water in Pakistan [Halcrow (2002)]. The international literature is filled with the studies on conjunctive water management and its impact on crop productivity and related issues [Gangwar and Toorn (1987); Bredehoeft and Young (1983); Gorelick (1988); Lingen (1988); O’Mara (1988); Shah (1988); Brewer and Sharma (2000); Datta and Dayal (2000); Raju and Brewer (2000); Sakhtivadivel and Chawala (2002) and Chaudhary and Shah (2003)]. In Pakistan, the review of literature shows that all of the previous studies conducted in the arena of water management reported the management problems leading to the inefficiencies in irrigation application and reduction in crop productivity, [Kijne and Velde (1991); Mustafa (1991) and Siddiq (1994)]. Few of the studies took into consideration the impact of waterlogging and salinity on productivity at farm level [Meyer, et al. (1996); Prathaper, et al. (1997) and O’Connell and Khan (1999)]. None of these studies have taken into consideration the trade-offs between gross farm income, ground water and salinity at irrigation subdivision level. To answer the issues of spatial differences in the trade offs between gross farm income, ground water and salinity at irrigation Subdivision level, this paper presents the results of the optimisation modeling at the Subdivisional level
India’s water future to 2025-2050: Business-as-usual scenario and deviations
Poverty / Mapping/ Water demand / Water supply / Population growth / Crop production / Crop yield / Groundwater irrigation / Food security
Shifting waterscapes: explaining basin closure in the Lower Krishna Basin, South India
River basins / Ecosystems / Protective irrigation / Irrigation programs / Water transfer / Water distribution / Water allocation / Groundwater depletion / Aquifers / Water scarcity / Water use / Drought / India / Lower Krishna Basin / Godavari Basin / Nagarjuna Sagar Project / Kolleru Lake
A review of management strategies for salt-prone land and water resources in Iran
Water resource management/ Land management/ Leaching/ Drainage/ Sodic soils/ Soil reclamation/ Supplemental irrigation/ Irrigation programs
Institutional reforms at main canal level and their water allocation and yield impacts : A case from South Ferghana Canal, Uzbekistan
Institutional development / Organizational change / Water users associations / Irrigation management / Canals / Water allocation / Water distribution / Irrigated farming / Cotton / Wheat / Yields / Uzbekistan / South Ferghana Canal
Water productivity of irrigted agriculture in India: potential areas for improvement
Water productivityIrrigated farmingWater use efficiencyWheatCottonRiver basinsWater conservation
Net Gains from Conjunctive Use of Surface and Ground Water
Pakistan is fortunate enough because its soils, topography and
climate are generally suitable for farming but its agriculture sector
faces the problem of scarcity of the irrigation water. This paucity of
irrigation supplies has forced the farmers to use the ground water to
augment their surface supplies. The quality of ground water in Pakistan
varies from fit for irrigation to moderately saline to sodic. Thus the
tubewell owners in the marginal quality ground water areas are bound to
use the tubewell water in conjunction with the surface water on their
farms. Currently the farmers are using about 65.75 BCM of ground water
in Pakistan [Halcrow (2002)]. The international literature is filled
with the studies on conjunctive water management and its impact on crop
productivity and related issues [Gangwar and Toorn (1987); Bredehoeft
and Young (1983); Gorelick (1988); Lingen (1988); O’Mara (1988); Shah
(1988); Brewer and Sharma (2000); Datta and Dayal (2000); Raju and
Brewer (2000); Sakhtivadivel and Chawala (2002) and Chaudhary and Shah
(2003)]. In Pakistan, the review of literature shows that all of the
previous studies conducted in the arena of water management reported the
management problems leading to the inefficiencies in irrigation
application and reduction in crop productivity, [Kijne and Velde (1991);
Mustafa (1991) and Siddiq (1994)]. Few of the studies took into
consideration the impact of waterlogging and salinity on productivity at
farm level [Meyer, et al. (1996); Prathaper, et al. (1997) and O’Connell
and Khan (1999)]. None of these studies have taken into consideration
the trade-offs between gross farm income, ground water and salinity at
irrigation subdivision level
More people, more food, worse water? a global review of water pollution from agriculture
Current patterns of agricultural expansion and intensification are bringing unprecedented environmental externalities, including impacts on water quality. While water pollution is slowly starting to receive the attention it deserves, the contribution of agriculture to this problem has not yet received sufficient consideration.
We need a much better understanding of the causes and effects of agricultural water pollution as well as effective means to prevent and remedy the problem. In the existing literature, information on water pollution from agriculture is highly dispersed. This repost is a comprehensive review and covers different agricultural sectors (including crops, livestock and aquaculture), and examines the drivers of water pollution in these sectors as well as the resulting pressures and changes in water bodies, the associated impacts on human health and the environment, and the responses needed to prevent pollution and mitigate its risks
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