Localization of cerebrospinal fluid leaks by gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance cisternography: A 5-year single-center experience

OBJECTIVE: Intrathecal gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) cisternography is a newly introduced imaging method. Two main objectives of this study were to investigate the sensitivity of Gd-enhanced MR cisternography for presurgical localization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in patients with CSF rhinorrhea and to study the potential long-term adverse effects of intrathecal Gd application

Fracture of the occipital condyle

Fracture of the occipital condyle is a very rare traumatic lesion, first described by Bell in 18 17. An extensive search o f the literature revealed only 12 cases to date.3, 4, 8-11 Symptoms and signs are not specific and this lesion usually is associated with multiple traumatic lesions. 4, 8, 9, 11 In severe trauma, the patients may die during the early stages or fracture o f the occipital condyle may not be diagnosed. A high index o f suspicion is required in a patient with craniocervical trauma or with clinical findings o f an abnormality o f the craniocervical region. Diagnosis may be extremely difficult because o f the superimposition on routine plain roentgenograms. The investigation on axial, sagittal and coronal slices o f high-resolution computed tomography with intravenous and/or intrathecal contrast injection, shows the neurovascular problems. © Lippincott-Raven Publishers