Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

Analisis Kemampuan Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Matematika Siswa Ditinjau dari Gender

Kemampuan menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika adalah kemampuan berpikir dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari dan dapat diselesaikan melalui prosedur penyelesaian yaitu memahami masalah, membuat rencana, melaksanakan rencana dan memeriksa kembali jawaban. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan kajian tentang kemampuan menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika siswa yang ditinjau dari gender. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Mollo Selatan sebanyak 15 siswa yang terdiri dari 8 siswa perempuan dan 7 siswa laki-laki. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskripsi kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi untuk mendapatkan kajian mendalam terkait kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita. Teknik analisis data mengikuti model Miles dan Huberman dengan uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa laki-laki maupun perempuan sama-sama mencapai tiga dari lima indikator kemampuan menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika yaitu menuliskan aspek yang diketahui, menuliskan aspek yang ditanyakan dan membuat model matematika. Siswa laki-laki maupun perempuan mampu menceritakan kembali semua informasi yang terdapat pada soal menggunakan kata-kata sendiri. Dalam proses penyelesaian berdasarkan tahapannya, siswa perempuan menuliskan langkah-langkah penyelesaian soal secara jelas dan lengkap sedangkan siswa laki-laki menuliskan secara singkat