PROPERTIES OF FOAMED CEMENT WITH ADDITIVES FOR ZONAL ISOLATION IN COAL BED METHANE (CBM) WELLS (A CASE STUDY ON MUKAH COALFIELD, SARAWAK)

Coal bed methane (CBM) generally has lower fracture gradient as compared to - - conventional oil or gas wells due to weak structures of coal. Therefore, CBM are more vulnerable to downhole problems faced such as lost circulation and formation fracture as the formation cannot withstand the cement densities of averagely above 11 ppg (1320kg/m3 ). Foam cement when used together with additives offers a versatile and - - economical means of cementing with low density (5-13 ppg) and high strength per unit volume. Foamed cement was first introduced in the application of light weight cement for - - use in constructions and site building, which later, similar theory were applied in the foamed cementin~ process for the oil and ~as industry. The objectives of this project are to determine properties of the foamed cement when used with Microsilica and BJ Ultra additives (density, compressive strength, fluid loss, porosity and permeability) to be compared and analyzed for their compatibility for the Mukah Coalfield, Sarawak. This thesis will discuss the characteristics of CBM reservoirs, foamed cement with additives sample preparation methods and data analysis. The various aspect of slurry design, including their method of determination is discussed. The properties of the conventional Class G cement can be determined directly with existing equipment which includes the curing chamber, compressive strength testers, and HPHT Filter Press. For the foamed cement, since these parameters are determined by the air quality and water to cement ratio and type of additive used, their relationships to density are focused

ANALYSIS OF VIOLATION OF CHILD RIGHTS IN CARPET INDUSTRIES OF SINDH WITH ESPECIAL FOCUS ON DISTRICT THARPARKER

Child labor as defined by ILO & UNICEF is doing any kind of labor paid or unpaid by children of age up to 15 years old, which deprives a child from getting education. Large numbers of underdeveloped and less developed countries of world are faced with this social evil and Pakistan is one of them. Children areengaged in various types of works, but this paper only focuses the child labor in carpet industry of District Tharparker, Sindh. From sociological point of view situation is analyzed and important recommendations are forwarded to eradicate child labor from Sindh, Pakistan. Main purpose of this study is to analyze child labor situation in District Tharparker, Sindh,  to analyze the working conditions of children working in carpet industry and socioeconomic causesbehind the child labor. Study also attempts to find out valuable remedies to tackle this issue. Achieve the purpose of this study comprehensive review of literature is performed by using keywords child labor, violation of human rights, international and national organizations working to eliminate child labor, and carpet industry in Sindh. Primary data is collected by interview schedule from children and parents of children engaged in child labor in carpet industry of Tharparker, Sindh. Results indicated that large numbers of children work in carpet industry of Tharparker district of Sindh. Working conditions are hazardous, affects the health and causes various health problems like body pain, hand injuries and eye sight loss. Children could not join school due to carpet weaving work. Therefore, it is concluded that child rights are violated in all of their forms in carpet weaving industry of district Tharparker

ANALYSIS OF VIOLATION OF CHILD RIGHTS IN CARPET INDUSTRIES OF SINDH WITH ESPECIAL FOCUS ON DISTRICT THARPARKER

Child labor as defined by ILO & UNICEF is doing any kind of labor paid or unpaid by children of age up to 15 years old, which deprives a child from getting education. Large numbers of underdeveloped and less developed countries of world are faced with this social evil and Pakistan is one of them. Children areengaged in various types of works, but this paper only focuses the child labor in carpet industry of District Tharparker, Sindh. From sociological point of view situation is analyzed and important recommendations are forwarded to eradicate child labor from Sindh, Pakistan. Main purpose of this study is to analyze child labor situation in District Tharparker, Sindh,  to analyze the working conditions of children working in carpet industry and socioeconomic causesbehind the child labor. Study also attempts to find out valuable remedies to tackle this issue. Achieve the purpose of this study comprehensive review of literature is performed by using keywords child labor, violation of human rights, international and national organizations working to eliminate child labor, and carpet industry in Sindh. Primary data is collected by interview schedule from children and parents of children engaged in child labor in carpet industry of Tharparker, Sindh. Results indicated that large numbers of children work in carpet industry of Tharparker district of Sindh. Working conditions are hazardous, affects the health and causes various health problems like body pain, hand injuries and eye sight loss. Children could not join school due to carpet weaving work. Therefore, it is concluded that child rights are violated in all of their forms in carpet weaving industry of district Tharparker

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF MULTI-TARGETED KINASE INHIBITORS IN PROGRESSIVE, RADIOIODINE-REFRACTORY DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCERS: A META-ANALYSIS

Purpose: A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of oral multitargeted kinase inhibitors (MTKIs) in radioactive-iodine refractory locally advanced, recurrent/metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) on disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. Materials and Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, EMBASE, Cochrane Library database and other search engines were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing MTKIs with placebo in locally advanced, recurrent/metastatic DTC. Pooled data were expressed as odds ratio (OR), with 95% con dence intervals (CIs, Mantel–Haenszel xed-effect model). Results: Three RCTs with a total patient population of 954 patients were identi ed. The use of MTKIs was associated with improved PFS (OR: 0.262, 95% CI: 0.19–0.35; heterogeneity (I2) = 22.4%; P < 0.0001), improved DCR (complete and partial responses + stable disease, P < 0.0001) and improved OS 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46–0.96 (I2 = 43%, P = 0.034). Lenvatinib (compliance = 87%) was associated with more grade ≥3 hypertension. However, its other adverse effects were much lower than sorafenib (compliance = 56%) and vandetanib. Conclusion: In radioactive iodine-refractory recurrent, metastatic DTC patients, lenvatinib and sorafenib were associated with improved PFS, DRC and OS rates, while the compliance was better with lenvatinib. Key words: Meta-analysis, multitargeted kinase inhibitors, progressive differentiated thyroid cancer, radioactive iodine- refractory

Synergistic effects of Zinc oxide nanoparticles and conventional antibiotics against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Background: Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is creating crises in therapeutic options for the treatment of S. aureus associated infections, worldwide. Nevertheless, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are providing a source of an attractive broad-spectrum antibiotic. The aim of the present study was to investigate the synergistic effects of ZnO-NPs and antibiotics against mecA positive MRSA isolates.Methods: Antibiogram of S. aureus was determined by Kirby Baur disc diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics and ZnO-NPs was determined by using the broth dilution method. The mecA gene in S. aureus was detected by PCR amplification with gene specific forward and reverse primers. The effects of subinhibitory concentration of ZnO-NPs on conventional antibiotics was determined by combined disk diffusion assay.Results: Out of two hundred clinical specimens, twenty-eight showed the growth of S. aureus. Antibiogram of the isolates showed that S. aureus have acquired resistance to the majority of the conventional antibiotics. However, no isolate showed resistance to vancomycin. The confirmed methicillin resistant S. aureus isolates were sensitive to ZnO-NPs. The antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs appeared in a dose and time dependent manner since higher dose produced stronger effects in two hours than the effects produced from lower dose in three hours. Furthermore, ZnO-NPs enhanced the antibacterial activity of levofloxacin significantly (p < 0.001).Conclusions: S. aureus has acquired strong resistance to multiple antibiotics. ZnO-NPs have potential synergism with levofloxacin antibiotic against the multiple drug resistant S. aureus including MRSA.    Keywords: Levofloxacin; Synergism; Combinational therapy; MRSA

TO DEVELOP EFFICIENT SCHEME FOR SOLVING INITIAL VALUE PROBLEM IN ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

In this paper, a new scheme of Runge-Kutta (RK) type has been developed while evaluating two slope functions per step and maintaining the third order accuracy of the scheme. Local truncation error is obtained with the help of principal term which is obtained via multi variable Taylor series. It has been shown that the convergence order of the scheme is three and its stability polynomial is also derived. Some numerical examples are taken in order to compare the developed scheme with other existing schemes. It is observed that the developed scheme is better than other selected existing schemes and this comparison has been performed on the basis of slope evaluations per integration step, error analysis and computer time consumed by the scheme under consideration. KEY WORDS: Initial value problems, Runge-Kutta Scheme, Autonomous and non-autonomous differential equations, Zero stability. DOI: 10.7176/MTM/9-8-06 Publication date: August 31st 201

Impact of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior by Using The Mediating Effect of Psychological Ownership

The study objective was to examine the role of psychological ownership as a mediator concerning organizational citizenship behavior and authentic leadership. A structured questionnaire was selected to gather primary data from 300 respondents of the telecom sector of Lahore; 263 questionnaires were selected valid. This research use employees of four different companies in the telecom sector as samples. This research uses correlation, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The empirical result shows that authentic leadership positively relates to organizational citizenship behavior. According to the findings of this study, psychological ownership partially mediates the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and authentic leadership among the employees of the telecommunication sector of Pakistan. The Implication of this study is limited to the telecom sector of Pakistan. How to Cite:Shaikh, E., Watto, W. A., & Tunio, M. N. (2022). Impact of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior by Using The Mediating Effect on Psychological Ownership. Etikonomi, 21(1), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v21i1.18968

Strength-weakness-opportunity-threat [SWOT] Analysis for the Career Development of New generation in Pakistan

Since last decades, there has been remarkable growth in the number of national and international organizations in the Pakistan, besides this public sector organizations are expanded in a well distinguished way, on other side, new talent has been facing several threats regarding career in different context. Academies are producing thousands of graduates and post-graduates in different disciplines but this supply is not well equipped in opportunities available in the market, hence, demand of new talent has been going to be scarce and most competitive. Lack of revised service rules in national and international organizations &amp; job insecurity has inhabited the entrance of new youngsters in the organizations. Demand of rich experience and strong leadership has adversely affected fresh graduates. Old age people with rich &amp; multidisciplinary experience have occupied lion’s share in the organizations and leaving no space for new comer. Pakistan being a natural resources rich country, she has been facing scarcity of employment opportunities for young people. Nepotism &amp; corruption have been found prevailing in employment process &amp; that is spoiling the merit system. Hence, country has been experiencing the grave tragedy of brain drain. Keywords: Impact, Unemployment, joblessness, threats, opportunities