Interference reduced routing for sensor networks

Construction of interference reduced routes is an all-important problem in sensor network. We propose a model for extracting a small size backbone network from a given background network. The extracted network possesses the property of reduced static interference. A backbone structure, constructed on the top of a planar sensor network can be used to route message with lower interference. We propose two centralized algorithms for constructing the backbone network. The first algorithm is based on the spanning tree construction of inner holes of sensor network. The second algorithm builds the backbone network by using the Delaunay triangulation of the center of gravity of holes in the network, which runs in O(n2) time. We also present a distributed localized implementation of the proposed algorithm by using the quasi Voronoi diagram and medial axis formed by the distribution of network holes. We describe an experimental investigation of the proposed algorithm. The results of the simulation show that the routing guided by the proposed backbone network is effective in reducing interference

Arsenic contamination of water sources in rural Myanmar

Arsenic contamination of drinking water sources is an emerging public health issue in Myanmar. In early 2000, Save the Children UK’s (SC UK) Water and Sanitation Programme identified arsenic contamination of groundwater in rural Ayeyerwady River Delta project communities. Since that time, there has been growing interest, concern and action related to arsenic testing, communication and mitigation in Myanmar. The magnitude of arsenic contamination of groundwater sources in Myanmar is unknown, as no comprehensive studies have been conducted. This paper describes SC UK’s experience conducting an extensive water quality survey of drinking water sources in project communities and implementation of a community-based pilot arsenic action project

Genomic insights into high exopolysaccharideproducing dairy starter bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus ASCC 1275

Conference Theme: Linking animal science and animal agriculture: Meeting the global demands of 2050Graduate Student Competition: ADSA Dairy Foods OralStreptococcus thermophilus ASCC 1275 (ST 1275) is a typical dairy starter bacterium and produces the highest known amount (1,000 mg/L) of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in milk within this species. This organism produces both capsular and ropy EPS and possesses textural modifying properties for yogurt and cheese. In this study, de novo shotgun paired-end pyrosequencing was applied to complete the whole genome of ST 1275. The genome size of ST 1275, a plasmid-free bacterium, was 1.85 Mbp with an average GC content of 39.1%. A novel eps gene cluster for EPS assembly containing two-pair genes of epsC- epsD for determining the chain length of EPS was found in ST 1275 genome, which confirms that ST 1275 produces two types of EPSs as found in our previous studies. Compared with other sequenced S. thermophilus strains, ST 1275 possessed the lowest numbers of 5 rRNA operons and 55 tRNAs suggesting that this organism may have a more effective protein synthesis machinery. The highest number of four separate CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) loci was found in ST 1275 genome indicating that this organism may have a better adaptive immunity against various bacteriophage infections. Further analysis including carbohydrate utilization, effective proteolytic system, sophisticated stress response systems and defense systems in ST 1275 was performed to provide genomic insights into its adaptation to milk and as a cell factory for EPS production during milk fermentation. The elucidation of ST 1275 genome makes this organism as a model dairy starter bacterium for the research of high EPS yield and capsular/ropy EPS producer from the species of S. thermophilus.published_or_final_versio

Phase separation and electron pairing in repulsive Hubbard clusters

Exact thermal studies of small (4-site, 5-site and 8-site) Hubbard clusters with local electron repulsion yield intriguing insight into phase separation, charge-spin separation, pseudogaps, condensation, in particular, pairing fluctuations away from half filling (near optimal doping). These exact calculations, carried out in canonical (i.e. for fixed electron number N) and grand canonical (i.e. fixed chemical potential $\mu$) ensembles, monitoring variations in temperature T and magnetic field h, show rich phase diagrams in a T-$\mu$ space consisting of pairing fluctuations and signatures of condensation. These electron pairing instabilities are seen when the onsite Coulomb interaction U is smaller than a critical value U$_c$(T) and they point to a possible electron pairing mechanism. The specific heat, magnetization, charge pairing and spin pairing provide strong support for the existence of competing (paired and unpaired) phases near optimal doping in these clusters as observed in recent experiments in doped La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_{4+y}$ high T$_c$ superconductors.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Genomic insights into high exopolysaccharide-producing dairy starter bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus ASCC 1275.

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Common distribution of gad operon in Lactobacillus brevis and its GadA contributes to efficient GABA synthesis toward cytosolic near-neutral pH

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Swin Transformer-Based Dynamic Semantic Communication for Multi-User with Different Computing Capacity

Semantic communication has gained significant attention from researchers as a promising technique to replace conventional communication in the next generation of communication systems, primarily due to its ability to reduce communication costs. However, little literature has studied its effectiveness in multi-user scenarios, particularly when there are variations in the model architectures used by users and their computing capacities. To address this issue, we explore a semantic communication system that caters to multiple users with different model architectures by using a multi-purpose transmitter at the base station (BS). Specifically, the BS in the proposed framework employs semantic and channel encoders to encode the image for transmission, while the receiver utilizes its local channel and semantic decoder to reconstruct the original image. Our joint source-channel encoder at the BS can effectively extract and compress semantic features for specific users by considering the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and computing capacity of the user. Based on the network status, the joint source-channel encoder at the BS can adaptively adjust the length of the transmitted signal. A longer signal ensures more information for high-quality image reconstruction for the user, while a shorter signal helps avoid network congestion. In addition, we propose a hybrid loss function for training, which enhances the perceptual details of reconstructed images. Finally, we conduct a series of extensive evaluations and ablation studies to validate the effectiveness of the proposed system.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure

Central mode and spin confinement near the boundary of the superconducting phase in YBa2Cu3O6.353 (Tc=18 K)

We have mapped the neutron scattering spin spectrum at low-energies in YBa2Cu3O6.353 (Tc=18 K) where the doping ~0.06 is near the critical value (pc=0.055) for superconductivity. No coexistence with long range ordered antiferromagnetism is found. The spins fluctuate on two energy scales, one a damped spin response with a ~2 meV relaxation rate and the other a central mode with a relaxation rate that slows to less than 0.08 meV below Tc. The spectrum mirrors that of a soft mode driving a central mode. Extremely short correlation lengths, 42+-5 Angstrom in-plane and 8+-2 Angstrom along the c direction, and isotropic spin orientations for the central mode indicate that the correlations are subcritical with respect to any second order transition to Neel order. The dynamics follows a model where damped spin fluctuations are coupled to the slow fluctuations of regions with correlations shortened by the hole doping.Comment: 5 pages 4 figures. One figure revised and some text revision. Accepted PRB Rapids February 14, 200