The role of value priorities and valued living on depression and anxiety among young people:A cross-sectional study

Background: There is a growing interest in research examining the role of personal values in mental health. This study aims to investigate the relationship between value priorities and both depression and anxiety while exploring whether valued living is a better predictor of these variables compared to value priorities in a youth sample.Methods: A total of 335 young people aged 16–25 (Mage = 17.92, SD = 2.59) from the United Kingdom completed measures assessing value priorities, valued living, depression, and anxiety, alongside demographic information.Results: Values with both growth and personal focus orientations (i.e., Openness-to-Change) had stronger associations with depression and anxiety. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that valued living predicted depression and anxiety over value priorities, explaining more variance in depression compared to anxiety. Value priorities explained additional variance over valued living only for anxiety, but not for depression.Conclusions: The findings indicate the importance from a public health and clinical perspective of enabling people to identify their values and facilitating them to live in a manner that is consistent with those values

Discriminant diagnostic validity of paediatric bipolar disorder screening tests:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Bipolar disorders (BD) are among the most significantly impairing of childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Although BD symptoms may begin in adolescence, they are frequently not diagnosed until adulthood, and accordingly BD scales could aid diagnostic assessment in paediatric populations. This review aims to synthesis the evidence for the accuracy of BD symptom index tests for discriminating BD from non-BD (other diagnoses or healthy controls) in paediatric population. Additionally, several theoretically relevant moderators of diagnostic accuracy were evaluated. Methods: A systematic search across three databases were conducted from 1980 to 2022, augmented by grey literature database searches, citation chaining and contacting authors. Data from eligible studies were synthesized using meta-analysis. A multilevel model was fitted to account for nested effect sizes, with 31 potential moderators examined in univariate and multivariate models. Results: Twenty-Eight studies were eligible, yielding 115 effect sizes for analysis. Meta-analytic modelling indicated BD symptom index tests have a high diagnostic accuracy (g = 1.300; 95% CI: 0.982 − 1.619; p <.001) in paediatric population. Accuracy was relative to the type of comparison group, index test content, index test informant and index test's scale or subscale. Conclusions: Screening tests based on mania content, caregiver report and non-healthy comparison groups have clinical utility in identifying paediatric BD. Other informant-and-content combination may not accurately identify paediatric BD. Unlike healthy controls, tests derived from studies using non-healthy comparison groups, represent BD symptom non-specificity and BD symptom overlap with other disorders, providing external validity and clinical utility

Value Fulfilment and Well-Being: Clarifying Directions over Time

Objective We investigate for the first time in a 9-day dairy study whether fulfillingone’s values predicts well-being or whether well-being predicts valuefulfilment over time. Background The empirical associations between the importance of human values to individuals and their well-being are typically weak and inconsistent. More recently, value fulfillment (i.e., acting in line with one's values) has shown to be more strongly correlated with well-being. Method The present research goes beyond past research by integrating work from clinical, personality, and social psychology to model associations between value fulfillment and positive and negative aspects of well-being over time. Results Across a nine-day diary study involving 1434 observations (N=184), we found that people who were able to fulfill their self-direction values reported more positive well-being on the next day, and those who fulfilled their hedonism values reported less negative well-being on the next day. Conversely, people who reported more positive well-being were more able to fulfill their achievement, stimulation, and self-direction values on the next day, and those who reported more negative well-being were less able to fulfill their achievement values. Importantly, these effects were consistent across three countries/regions (EU/UK, India, Türkiye), the importance people attributed to values, period of the week, and their prestudy well-being. Conclusion These results help to understand the fundamental interconnections between values and well-being while also having relevance to clinical practice

Hyers–Ulam stability on local fractal calculus and radioactive decay

In this paper, we summarize the local fractal calculus, called $$F^{\alpha }$$-calculus, which defines derivatives and integrals of functions with fractal domains of non-integer dimensions, functions for which ordinary calculus fails. Hyers–Ulam stability provides a method to find approximate solutions for equations where the exact solution cannot be found. Here, we generalize Hyers–Ulam stability to be applied to $$\alpha$$-order linear fractal differential equations. The nuclear decay law involving fractal time is suggested, and it is proved to be fractally Hyers–Ulam stable