3 research outputs found
The Residual Stress Relaxation Behavior of Weldments During Cyclic Loading
Accurate measurement of residual stress is necessary to obtain reliable predictions of fatigue lifetime and enable estimation of time-to-facture for any given stress level. In this article, relaxation of welding residual stresses as a function of cyclic loading was documented on three common steels: AISI 1008, ASTM A572, and AISI 4142. Welded specimens were subjected to cyclic bending (R = 0.1) at different applied stresses, and the residual stress relaxation existing near the welds was measured as a function of cycles. The steels exhibited very different stress relaxation behaviors during cyclic loadings, which can be related to the differences in the microstructures of the specimens. A phenomenological model, which treats dislocation motion during cyclic loading as being analogous to creep of dislocations, is proposed for estimation of the residual stress relaxation
The perceived vulnerability to disease scale: Crossâcultural measurement invariance and associations with fear of COVIDâ19 across 16 countries
Using crossâsectional data from N = 4274 young adults across 16 countries during the COVIDâ19 pandemic, we examined the crossâcultural measurement invariance of the perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) scale and tested the hypothesis that the association between PVD and fear of COVIDâ19 is stronger under high disease threat [that is, absence of COVIDâ19 vaccination, living in a country with lower Human Development Index (HDI) or higher COVIDâ19 mortality]. Results supported a biâfactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling model where items loaded on a global PVD factor, and on the subâfactors of Perceived Infectability and Germ Aversion. However, crossânational invariance could only be obtained on the configural level with a reduced version of the PVD scale (PVDâr), suggesting that the concept of PVD may vary across nations. Moreover, higher PVDâr was consistently associated with greater fear of COVIDâ19 across all levels of disease threat, but this association was especially pronounced among individuals with a COVIDâ19 vaccine, and in contexts where COVIDâ19 mortality was high. The present research brought clarity into the dimensionality of the PVD measure, discussed its suitability and limitations for crossâcultural research, and highlighted the pandemicârelated conditions under which higher PVD is most likely to go along with psychologically maladaptive outcomes, such as fear of COVIDâ19
The Residual Stress Relaxation Behavior of Weldments During Cyclic Loading
Accurate measurement of residual stress is necessary to obtain reliable predictions of fatigue lifetime and enable estimation of time-to-facture for any given stress level. In this article, relaxation of welding residual stresses as a function of cyclic loading was documented on three common steels: AISI 1008, ASTM A572, and AISI 4142. Welded specimens were subjected to cyclic bending (R = 0.1) at different applied stresses, and the residual stress relaxation existing near the welds was measured as a function of cycles. The steels exhibited very different stress relaxation behaviors during cyclic loadings, which can be related to the differences in the microstructures of the specimens. A phenomenological model, which treats dislocation motion during cyclic loading as being analogous to creep of dislocations, is proposed for estimation of the residual stress relaxation.This article is from Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 44 (2013): 3147-3156, doi: 10.1007/s11661-013-1688-9. Posted with permission.</p