Artisanal and small scale mining in Mongolia: Statistical overview based on survey data by suom 2012

Atomic-level visualization of the intercalation of layered materials, such as metal chalcogenides, is of paramount importance in the development of high-performance batteries. In situ images of the dynamic intercalation of Li ions into MoS₂ single-crystal electrodes were acquired for the first time, under potential control, with the use of a technique combining laser confocal microscopy with differential interference microscopy. Intercalation proceeded via a distinct phase separation of lithiated and delithiated regions. The process started at the atomic steps of the first layer beneath the selvedge and progressed in a layer-by-layer fashion. The intercalated regions consisted of Li-ion channels into which the newly inserted Li ions were pushed atom-by-atom. Interlayer diffusion of Li ions was not observed. Deintercalation was also clearly imaged and was found to transpire in a layer-by-layer mode. The intercalation and deintercalation processes were chemically reversible and can be repeated many times within a few atomic layers. Extensive intercalation of Li ions disrupted the atomically flat surface of MoS₂ because of the formation of small lithiated domains that peeled off from the surface of the crystal. The current–potential curves of the intercalation and deintercalation processes were independent of the scan rate, thereby suggesting that the rate-determining step was not governed by Butler–Volmer kinetics

Behavioral Intention of Poor People in Professional Education Obtaining, Family Forming and Full-Time Working

The present study aimed to evaluate behavioral intention of the poor to perform professional education, family formation, and full-time work which are as crucial behavioral aspects of poverty based on the replication of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The survey was conducted in the 2 districts with higher poverty rate of Ulaanbaatar (UB), Mongolia, in 2021, when 240 poor and 270 non-poor who live in the same areas were interviewed in their living areas. Data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics, correlations, and the structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the correlations revealed that the intentions of the poor were moderately positive for the three behaviors, and these results were slightly more positive on each of the key predictor variables for the non-poor sample. Also, the result of SEM analysis showed that attitude and subjective norm positively affected intention to perform the aforementioned three areas for both the poor and non-poor, but the perceived behavioral control didn't affect intention. The findings indicate opportunities for early interventions. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Keywords: Theory of planned behavior, behavioral intention, poor, non-poor people DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/14-8-05 Publication date: April 30th 202