Faculty roles and role preferences in ten fields of professional study

Teaching faculty in ten entry-level professional fields reported varying amounts of time devoted to teaching, research, consulting, and professional practice but did not differ in time devoted to administration. The faculty member's own role view was most closely related to time use, but for time spent in teaching and research, faculty age and institutional type (but not gender) were also significant predictors. Even after several general demographic characteristics and environmental variables that potentially differentiate professional from discipline-based faculty are taken into account, different professional fields may be characterized by group climates which influence or reinforce certain faculty roles.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43598/1/11162_2004_Article_BF00991875.pd

Nonprofit websitesPrevalence, usage and commercial activity

This paper investigates the extent to which nonprofits have websites and how they are used. Our empirical analyses of 1,000 nonprofit organizations indicates substantial differences in website presence and use among mission categories–conservation related, arts and cultural, religious civil rights, and science and technology. We find that while asset level and mission have statistically significant main effects on predicting website presence, interactions between them are also important. Our estimates suggest that at any particular asset level the increase in probability of having a website with each unit increase in assets is greatest for civil rights organizations (compared to religious, conservation, and cultural organizations) and least for scientific organizations

Nonprofit Websites: Prevalence, Usage and Commercial Activity

This paper investigates the extent to which nonprofits have websites and how they are used. Our empirical analyses of 1,000 nonprofit organizations indicates substantial differences in website presence and use among mission categories–conservation related, arts and cultural, religious civil rights, and science and technology. We find that while asset level and mission have statistically significant main effects on predicting website presence, interactions between them are also important. Our estimates suggest that at any particular asset level the increase in probability of having a website with each unit increase in assets is greatest for civil rights organizations (compared to religious, conservation, and cultural organizations) and least for scientific organizations

Nonprofit equity: A behavioral model and its policy implications

This article assumes that nonprofit decisionmakers have an incentive to earn and accumulate surpluses, and it suggests six reasons for this being the case. Based on the assumption that both the program outputs and the equity of a nonprofit yield satisfaction to its decisionmakers, a behavioral model is developed. This is used to derive a demand function for equity, which is then applied to a national sample of 6168 charitable nonprofits drawn by the Internal Revenue Service for the 1985 taxable year. The results substantiate the hypothesis that nonprofit decisionmakers consciously plan to increase their organization's equity. Currently, evidence of continued equity buildup is not sufficient to call into question a nonprofit's exempt status, because federal tax laws assume that surplus accumulations will ultimately be used in support of program mission. However, equity accumulation can become excessive. We present several criteria to define excessive equity accumulation and discuss why large equity accumulations may not be in the best interest of society.