ウマ ノ ガイボウ ニ タイスル ヒト ノ シカク ニンチ

本研究は,動物との相互関係における人の視覚認知に着目し,視線計測装置を用いて馬を観察した際の人の視線追従(注視部位,注視回数,注視時間)ならびに瞳孔径の変化を定量化した。さらに観察者の性格特性や馬に対する印象と視線との関連性を考察することを目的とした。得られたデータから,人の性格傾向において,外向性が高いほど肢・尻の部位に対し,また神経症傾向が高いほど,首・肩・胸の部位に対する注視回数や注視時間が低かった。特に神経症傾向が高い場合,馬の顔に視線が集まるといった,観察者の性格特性と注視部位に関連が認められた。また馬に対する恐怖感は,馬の外貌の中でも脚部から影響を受けると考えられた。さらに乗馬経験および動物の飼育経験と馬の顔への注視回数・時間に有意な正の相関が認められた。これらの結果から,人が動物との関係をもつ場合,アイコンタクトをはじめとした人同士のコミュニケーション方法を動物に対しても同様に適用していると考えられた。これらの視線解析を中心とした本研究の結果は,馬との相互関係から得られる精神的効果,また現在まで多く報告されている自閉症をはじめとしたコミュニケーションに関する障碍に対する動物介在療法・活動・教育の実施内容を支持するものである。This study was conducted to investigate the visual tracking processes and pupil diameter changes of subjects while observing horses, and to analyze the relationship between the personality characteristics of these subjects and their impressions about horses. Mobile Eye Tracking Product was used to measure which part of the horse\u27s body the subjects were observing more frequently than the other parts. The observed body parts of the horse were categorized into four areas : "face", "neck, shoulders, chest", "abdomen, back", and "extremities, buttocks". A quantitative analysis was conducted based on observation frequency and time, as well as pupil diameter, while tracking the observation of each of the above-mentioned four categorized body parts of the horse. The personality of each subject and his/her impressions about the horse were digitized, and this individual trait and the result of the visual trait analysis were compared and examined. Those data indicate that there is a correlation among personality characteristics of the subjects, their impressions about horses, and their close observations of the body parts of the horses. On the one hand, feelings of fear seem to be influenced by the appearance of the horses\u27 extremities, and on the other hand, there is a positive correlation between horseback riding and nurturing experiences, and the frequency and time of observing the face of the horse. The behavior of making eye contact to establish communication between humans is also applied for establishing relationships between humans and animals. The results of this study including the visual tracking analysis support the notion of the beneficial psychological effects obtained by the mutual relationship between humans and horses in the fields of education, various activities, and animal assisted therapy for persons suffering from communication disorders such as autism

原発性膀胱絨毛癌の1例

A 72-year-old woman with asymptomatic macrohematuria was referred to our hospital. Cystoscopy revealed a 7 cm sessile tumor on the left lateral wall of the bladder. Subsequently an intravenous pyelography revealed left hydronephrosis. We performed transurethral biopsy and resection of the bladder tumor under the diagnosis of ordinary malignant bladder tumor. Histopathologically, the lesion was shown to be an undiffentiated urothelial carcinoma, G3, > or = pT2, containing syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells. The level of serum human chorionic gonadotropin-beta (hCG-beta) level was slightly elevated (0.3 ng/ml; normal value: < 0.1). Because a further examination revealed an invasion into the surrounding fat tissue of the bladder and left ureter, a total cystohysterectomy with an ileal conduit were performed. The final histopathological classification was choriocarcinoma of the urinary bladder, pT3a, pN1, pMx. An adjuvant combination chemotherapy was carried out using methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin (MVAC). After two courses of chemotherapy, the serum hCG-beta levels returned to normal. Eleven months postoperatively, however, there was evidence of multiple lung metastases. The patient died 12 months after the surgery as a result of complications caused by widespread metastases.症例は72歳の女性。肉眼的血尿のため受診。膀胱鏡では膀胱左側壁にinvasive type, 7cm大の腫瘍が認められた。経尿道的膀胱腫瘍切除術を行ったところ病理組織学的にはsyncytiotrophoblastic giant cellが混在した未分化な尿路上皮癌の形態を示しG3, ≧pT2の結果であった。また血清hCG-βは0.3ng/mlと上昇していた。MRIでは膀胱周囲脂肪織および左尿管下端への浸潤が確認された。このため膀胱子宮全摘, 回腸導管造設術を行った。最終的な病理診断は膀胱絨毛癌であった。術後MVAC療法を2クール実施し, hCG-βは基準値以下に低下したが11ヵ月目に多発性肺転移が出現し12ヵ月目に癌死した。(著者抄録

Ofranergene Obadenovec (Ofra-Vec, VB-111) With Weekly Paclitaxel for Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer: Randomized Controlled Phase III Trial (OVAL Study/GOG 3018)

PURPOSE To evaluate the addition of ofranergene obadenovec (ofra-vec, VB-111), a novel gene-based anticancer targeted therapy, to once a week paclitaxel in patients with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC). METHODS This placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase III trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03398655 ) randomly assigned patients with PROC 1:1 to receive intravenous ofra-vec every 8 weeks with once a week IV paclitaxel or placebo with paclitaxel until disease progression. The dual primary end points were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) as assessed by Blinded Independent Central Review. RESULTS Between December 2017 and March 2022, 409 patients were randomly assigned. The median PFS was 5.29 months in the ofra-vec arm and 5.36 months in the control arm, hazard ratio (HR) 1.03 (CI, 0.83 to 1.29; P = .7823). The median OS with ofra-vec was 13.37 months versus 13.14 months, HR 0.97 (CI, 0.75 to 1.27; P = .8440). Objective response rates (ORRs) per RECIST 1.1 were similar in both arms: 28.9% with ofra-vec versus 29.6% with control. In both treatment arms, response to CA-125 was a substantial prognostic factor for both PFS and OS. In the ofra-vec arm, the HR in CA-125 responders compared with that in nonresponders for PFS was 0.2428 (CI, 0.1642 to 0.3588), and for OS, the HR was 0.3343 (CI, 0.2134 to 0.5238). Safety profile was characterized by common transient flu–like symptoms such as fever and chills. CONCLUSION The addition of ofra-vec to paclitaxel did not improve PFS or OS. The PFS and ORR in the control arm exceeded the results that were anticipated on the basis of the AURELIA chemotherapy control arm. CA-125 response was a substantial prognostic biomarker for PFS and OS in patients with PROC treated with paclitaxel