An orally active plant Rubisco-derived peptide increases neuronal leptin responsiveness

Nutrient excess, such as the intake of a high-fat diet, reduces hypothalamic responses to exogenously administered leptin and induces dietary obesity; however, orally active components that attenuate neural leptin dysregulation have yet to be identified. We herein demonstrated that YHIEPV, derived from the pepsin-pancreatin digestion of the green leaf protein Rubisco, increased the leptin-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 in ex vivo hypothalamic slice cultures. We also showed that YHIEPV mitigated palmitic acid-induced decreases in leptin responsiveness. Furthermore, orally administered YHIEPV promoted leptin-induced reductions in body weight and food intake in obese mice. In addition, dietary-induced body weight gain was significantly less in mice orally or centrally administered YHIEPV daily than in saline-control mice. Cellular leptin sensitivity and the levels of proinflammatory-related factors, such as IL1β and Socs-3, in the hypothalamus of obese mice were also restored by YHIEPV. YHIEPV blocked cellular leptin resistance induced by forskolin, which activates Epac-Rap1 signaling, and reduced the level of the GTP-bound active form of Rap1 in the brains of obese mice. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that the orally active peptide YHIEPV derived from a major green leaf protein increased neural leptin responsiveness and reduced body weight gain in mice with dietary obesity

The Magnetic and Electric Properties of (Co_<1-x> Mn_x)_2B Crystalline compounds and Amorphous Alloys

The manganese concentration x dependence of the average magnetic moment μo, the Curie temperature Tc, the pressure effect on Tc and the electric resistance for the ferromagnetic amorphous alloys (Co_ Mn_x)B were investigated. The Curie temperature decreases linearly with increasing x and μo had a maximum around x=0.15. The magnetic susceptibility vs. temperature curves for all the prepared amorphous alloys obey the Curie-Weiss law above Tc. The pressure effect on Tc is that Tc has a value of 1.06 K/kbar at x=0 and is decreasing with increasing x and becomes zero at x=0.4. These results are analyzed on the basis of the pair interaction model and the local enviroment effect. There arise two kinds of minimum in the resistance vs. temperature curves. That the resistance minimum at high temperature has a strong correlation with Tc is assured by measuring the transverse effect of the resistance with amorphous alloys x=0.4. The resistance minimum for the amorphous alloys and crystalline compounds are found at low temperature under ferromagnetic state

Management Strategies in Cardiac Surgery for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation: Contemporary Prophylaxis and Futuristic Anticoagulant Possibilities

With more than a third of patients expected to endure the arrhythmia at any given time point, atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery becomes a vexing problem in the postoperative care of cardiac surgery patients. The impact on patient care covers a spectrum from the more common clinically insignificant sequelae to debilitating embolic events. Despite this, postoperative atrial fibrillation generally masquerades as being insignificant, or at most as an anticipated inherent risk, merely extending one's hospital stay by a few days. As an independent risk factor for stroke, early and late mortality, and being a multibillion dollar strain on the healthcare system annually, postoperative atrial fibrillation is far more flagrant than a mere inherent risk. It is a serious medical quandary, which is not recognized as such. Though complete prevention is unrealistic, a step-wise treatment strategy that incorporates multiple preventative modalities can significantly reduce the impact of postoperative atrial fibrillation on patient care. The aims of this review are to present a brief overview of the arrhythmia's etiology, risk factors, and preventative strategies to reduce associated morbidities. Newer anticoagulants and the potential role of these drugs on future treatment paradigms are also discussed

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Activation by Sound Localization in Artificial Unilateral Hearing Loss

Article信州医学雑誌 64(3): 123-133(2016)journal articl

Noiseless Collective Motion out of Noisy Chaos

We consider the effect of microscopic external noise on the collective motion of a globally coupled map in fully desynchronized states. Without the external noise a macroscopic variable shows high-dimensional chaos distinguishable from random motion. With the increase of external noise intensity, the collective motion is successively simplified. The number of effective degrees of freedom in the collective motion is found to decrease as $-\log{\sigma^2}$ with the external noise variance $\sigma^2$. It is shown how the microscopic noise can suppress the number of degrees of freedom at a macroscopic level.Comment: 9 pages RevTex file and 4 postscript figure

Local Hydrogen Vibration in Crystalline and Amorphous Zirconium-Nickel Hydrides

application/pdfThe energy eigenvalues of the localized hydrogen vibration modes in both crystalline and amorphous zirconium-nickel hydrides are determined by means of the TOF neutron inelastic scattering experiment. A giant peak with maximum at 114 meV is observed for crystalline ZrNiH_. The spectrum of amorphous ZrNiH_ shows a very broad peak with maximum at 113 meV ; the FWHM is about 100 meV, which is almost double of that for the crystalline specimen. The broad peak for the amorphous hydride is found to split apparently rather than for the crystal.紀要類(bulletin)355521 bytesdepartmental bulletin pape