白レグの産卵，採食，飲水におよぼす環境温度の影響 : III. 湿度の影響について

白レグ産卵鶏24羽を用い，実験(I)は乾球温度30および32.5℃でRH60又は80%で，実験(II)は同じ鶏で25～32.5℃低湿条件で行ない，さらに以下の実験をとりまとめ，1971実験(A)25～35℃(既報)および同じ鶏で高湿で1971実験(B)と1970・実験25～35℃(既報)について，湿度が採食，飲水，卵かくにおよぼす影響を調査し，次の知見を得た. 1) 体重あたりの採食量は湿球温度の変化(RHの変化)に関係なく，ほぼ乾球温度により影響(高温で減少)をうけた. 2) 飲水量，卵重，卵かくの厚さも同様に乾球温度により影響をうけた.(高温で飲水量大，卵重・卵かくのあつさの低下) 3) 高温における体重減少は，鶏の体熱放散機構からみて湿度が関与しているかもしれない.The present research work was performed in view of investigating the effects of humidity, under the several DBT and changes of WBT, on food intake, water consumption and egg shell quality in White Leghorns based on a series of experiments. Twenty-four laying hens were kept in a temperature controlled room under 30 and 32. 5℃ at 60 and/ or 80% RH during 3 weeks in Experiment I; and under 25, 30 and 35℃ at lower humidity in Exp. II. For confirmation, previously reported 1970 Exp. (A) and more humid 1970 Exp. (B) (unpublished, 30 and 32. 5℃, 60-70% RH) and previously reported 1971 Exp. were compared to the present data. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Each food intake per 1 kg of body weight, irrespectively of wide change of WBT and controlled by DBT, was surprisingly constant especially under higher temperature ranges. 2) Water consumption, egg weight and egg shell thickness also seemed to be controlled mainly by DBT. 3) The body weight may have a tendency to be affected by humidity in relation to evaporative system as to the thermo-regulation in chickens

Associations among apolipoproteins, oxidized high-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular events in patients on hemodialysis

<div><p>Apolipoproteins are associated with survival among patients on hemodialysis (HD), but these associations might be influenced by dysfunctional (oxidized) high-density lipoprotein (HDL). We assessed associations among apolipoproteins and oxidized HDL, mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients on HD. This prospective observational study examined 412 patients on prevalent HD. Blood samples were obtained before dialysis at baseline to measure lipids, apolipoproteins, oxidized LDL, oxidized HDL, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 at baseline, and HDL-C and hs-CRP were measured 12 months later. Patients were then prospectively followed-up (mean, 40 months) and all-cause mortality and composite CVD events were analyzed. Associations between variables at baseline and clinical outcome were assessed by Cox proportional hazards modeling (n = 412) and Cox hazards modeling with a time-varying covariate with HDL-C and hs-CRP (n = 369). Quartiles of apolipoproteins and oxidized HDL were not associated with all-cause mortality. However, Cox proportional hazards models with quartiles of each variable adjusted for confounders and hs-CRP or IL-6 identified apolipoprotein (apo)B-to-apoA-I ratio (apoB/apoA-I) and oxidized HDL, but not apoA-I or apoA-II, as independent risk factors for composite CVD events. These associations were confirmed by Cox proportional hazards modeling with time-varying covariates for hs-CRP. ApoB/apoA-I was independently associated with composite CVD events in 1-standard deviation (SD) increase-of-variables models adjusted for the confounders, oxidized HDL and hs-CRP. However, these associations disappeared from the model adjusted with IL-6 instead of hs-CRP, and oxidized HDL and IL-6 were independently associated with composite CVD events. Findings resembled those from Cox proportional hazards modeling using time-varying covariates with HDL-C adjusted with IL-6. In conclusion, both oxidized HDL and apoB/apoA-I might be associated with CVD events in patients on prevalent HD, while associations of apoB/apoA-I with CVD events differed between models of apoB/apoA-I quartiles and 1-SD increases, and were influenced by IL-6.</p></div

Patient characteristics.

<p>Patient characteristics.</p

Cox hazard models of events associated with composite cardiovascular disease events.

<p>Cox hazard models of events associated with composite cardiovascular disease events.</p