Donorâ Acceptorâ Acceptor’s Molecules for Vacuumâ Deposited Organic Photovoltaics with Efficiency Exceeding 9%

Three vacuumâ deposited donorâ acceptorâ acceptor (dâ aâ a’) small molecule donors are studied with different side chains attached to an asymmetric heterotetracene donor block for use in high efficiency organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The donor with an isobutyl side chain yields the highest crystal packing density compared to molecules with 2â ethylhexyl or nâ butyl chains, leading to the largest absorption coefficient and short circuit current in an OPV. It also exhibits a higher fill factor, consistent with its preferred outâ ofâ plane molecular Ï â Ï stacking arrangement that facilitates charge transport in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. A power conversion efficiency of 9.3 ± 0.5% is achieved under 1 sun intensity, AM 1.5 G simulated solar illumination, which is significantly higher than 7.5 ± 0.4% of the other two molecules. These results indicate that side chain modification of dâ aâ a’ small molecules offers an effective approach to control the crystal packing configuration, thereby improving the device performance.Three vacuumâ deposited donorâ acceptorâ acceptor’s small molecule donors with different alkyl chain configurations (R1â R3) are synthesized and characterized to understand the side chain effect on organic photovoltaic (OPV) performance. The donor with an isobutyl (R3) chain yields the highest crystal packing density and largest short circuit current among the three molecules. Its preferred faceâ on molecular stacking orientation on the substrate leads to the highest fill factor. The optimized OPV structure achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) = 9.3 ± 0.5%.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144608/1/aenm201703603.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144608/2/aenm201703603-sup-0001-S1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144608/3/aenm201703603_am.pd

Biomechanical comparison of pedicle screw fixation strength among three different screw trajectories using single vertebrae and one-level functional spinal unit

Three key factors are responsible for the biomechanical performance of pedicle screw fixation: screw mechanical characteristics, bone quality and insertion techniques. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has directly compared the biomechanical performance among three trajectories, i.e., the traditional trajectory (TT), modified trajectory (MT) and cortical bone trajectory (CBT), in a porcine model. This study compared the pullout strength and insertion torque of three trajectory methods in single vertebrae, the pullout strength and fixation stiffness including flexion, extension, and lateral bending in a one-level instrumented functional spinal unit (FSU) that mimics the in vivo configuration were clarified. A total of 18 single vertebrae and 18 FSUs were randomly assigned into three screw insertion methods (n = 6 in each trajectory group). In the TT group, the screw converged from its entry point, passed completely inside the pedicle, was parallel to the superior endplate, was located in the superior third of the vertebral body and reached to at least the anterior third of the vertebral body. In the MT group, the convergent angle was similar to that of the TT method but directed caudally to the anterior inferior margin of the vertebral body. The results of insertion torque and pullout strength in single vertebrae were analyzed; in addition, the stiffness and pullout strength in the one-level FSU were also investigated. This study demonstrated that, in single vertebrae, the insertion torque was significantly higher in CBT groups than in TT and MT groups (p < 0.05). The maximal pullout strength was significantly higher in MT groups than in TT and CBT groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in stiffness in the three motions among all groups. The maximal pullout strength in FSUs of MT and CBT groups were significantly higher than the TT groups (p < 0.05). We concluded that either MT or CBT provides better biomechanical performance than TT in single vertebrae or FSUs. The lack of significance of stiffness in FSUs among three methods suggested that MT or CBT could be a reasonable alternative to TT if the traditional trajectory was not feasible

Functions of Some Capsular Polysaccharide Biosynthetic Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae NTUH K-2044

The growing number of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, commonly acquired in hospitals, has drawn great concern. It has been shown that the K1 and K2 capsular serotypes are the most detrimental strains, particularly to those with diabetes. The K1 cps (capsular polysaccharide) locus in the NTUH-2044 strain of the pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) K. pneumoniae has been identified recently, but little is known about the functions of the genes therein. Here we report characterization of a group of cps genes and their roles in the pathogenesis of K1 K. pneumoniae. By sequential gene deletion, the cps gene cluster was first re-delimited between genes galF and ugd, which serve as up- and down-stream ends, respectively. Eight gene products were characterized in vitro and in vivo to be involved in the syntheses of UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronic acid and GDP-fucose building units. Twelve genes were identified as virulence factors based on the observation that their deletion mutants became avirulent or lost K1 antigenicity. Furthermore, deletion of kp3706, kp3709 or kp3712 (ΔwcaI, ΔwcaG or Δatf, respectively), which are all involved in fucose biosynthesis, led to a broad range of transcriptional suppression for 52 upstream genes. The genes suppressed include those coding for unknown regulatory membrane proteins and six multidrug efflux system proteins, as well as proteins required for the K1 CPS biosynthesis. In support of the suppression of multidrug efflux genes, we showed that these three mutants became more sensitive to antibiotics. Taken together, the results suggest that kp3706, kp3709 or kp3712 genes are strongly related to the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae K1

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for intractable gastric variceal bleeding

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) is an interventional radiologic technique that obliterates gastric varices (GV) from draining veins under balloon occlusion. A 54-year-old man presented with Stage IV hepatocellular carcinoma and tumor thrombi in main portal vein. Intractable GV bleeding had no response to repeated endoscopic sclerotherapy and pharmacotherapy well. Additionally, his medical condition could not allow transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt or surgical portal decompression. Due to spontaneous gastrorenal shunt proved with abdominal computed tomography, we conducted BRTO to prevent further bleeding. The immediate postprocedural venogram showed total occlusion of the gastrorenal shunt and no visualization of the GV. Follow-up endoscopy was performed at 1 month, 2 months, and 4 months after BRTO. It revealed shrinkage of gastric varices and no worsening of esophageal varices after 4 months of BRTO. The patient was free from repeated GV bleeding for 4 months. Our experience proved BRTO could be the other effective treatment for intractable GV bleeding

Regioisomeric Effects of Donorâ Acceptorâ Acceptorâ ² Smallâ Molecule Donors on the Open Circuit Voltage of Organic Photovoltaics

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134270/1/adma201601957-sup-0001-S1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134270/2/adma201601957_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134270/3/adma201601957.pd

Is epicardial adipose tissue, another measure of central obesity, correlated with erectile dysfunction?

Background: This study investigated the correlation between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), a measure of central obesity, and sexual function in males with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study of selected males with ED aged <75 years who attended the Urology Outpatient Department of Tri-Service General Hospital. Sixty subjects were included in the study, which employed biochemical data, anthropometric indexes, echocardiography, and questionnaires. Biochemical lipid profiles and associated inflammation markers were recorded. The anthropometric indexes included general and central obesity and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Echocardiography results were assessed by a single experienced cardiologist and included epicardial and pericardial fat thickness measurements. Sexual function was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score. Results: According to the analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression, only the erectile hardness score (EHS) was statistically positively correlated with the IIEF-5 score. All other anthropometric indexes and echocardiography parameters, including EAT thickness, pericardial adipose tissue thickness, and ejection fraction (EF), were not significantly associated with sexual function. Conclusions: Only EHS was statistically associated with sexual function in the male subjects with ED. The anthropometric indexes and EAT thickness, a measure of central obesity, were not significantly correlated with sexual function in the male patients with ED

Biomechanical comparison of pedicle screw fixation strength in synthetic bones: Effects of screw shape, core/thread profile and cement augmentation.

Pedicle screw loosening resulting from insufficient bone-screw interfacial holding power is not uncommon. The screw shape and thread profile are considered important factors of the screw fixation strength. This work investigated the difference in pullout strength between conical and cylindrical screws with three different thread designs. The effects of the thread profiles on the screw fixation strength of cannulated screws with or without cement augmentation in osteoporotic bone were also evaluated. Commercially available artificial standard L4 vertebrae and low-density polyurethane foam blocks were used as substitutes for healthy vertebrae and osteoporotic bones, respectively. The screw pullout strengths of nine screw systems were investigated (six in each). These systems included the combination of three different screw shapes (solid/cylindrical, solid/conical and cannulated/cylindrical) with three different thread profiles (fine-thread, coarse-thread and dual-core/dual-thread). Solid screws were designed for the cementless screw fixation of vertebrae using the standard samples, whereas cannulated screws were designed for the cemented screw fixation of osteoporotic bone using low-density test blocks. Following specimen preparation, a screw pullout test was conducted using a material test machine, and the maximal screw pullout strength was compared among the groups. This study demonstrated that, in healthy vertebrae, both the conical and dual-core/dual-thread designs can improve pullout strength. A combination of the conical and dual-core/dual-thread designs may achieve optimal postoperative screw stability. However, in osteoporotic bone, the thread profile have little impact on the screw fixation strength when pedicle screws are fixed with cement augmentation. Cement augmentation is the most important factor contributing to screw pullout fixation strength as compared to screw designs

A Biomechanical Comparison of Expansive Pedicle Screws for Severe Osteoporosis: The Effects of Screw Design and Cement Augmentation.

Expansive pedicle screws significantly improve fixation strength in osteoporotic spines. However, the previous literature does not adequately address the effects of the number of lengthwise slits and the extent of screw expansion on the strength of the bone/screw interface when expansive screws are used with or without cement augmentation. Herein, four designs for expansive pedicle screws with different numbers of lengthwise slits and different screw expansion levels were evaluated. Synthetic bones simulating severe osteoporosis were used to provide a comparative platform for each screw design. The prepared specimens were then tested for axial pullout failure. Regardless of screw design, screws with cement augmentation demonstrated significantly higher pullout strength than pedicle screws without cement augmentation (p 0.05). Taken together, our results show that pedicle screws combined with cement augmentation may greatly increase screw fixation regardless of screws with or without expansion. An increase in both the number of slits and the extent of screw expansion had little impact on the screw-anchoring strength. Cement augmentation is the most influential factor for improving screw pullout strength

Monitoring coastal aquaculture devices in Taiwan with the radio frequency identification combination system

Marine debris significantly influences the environment and economics of marine ecosystems. Measures to ban illegally discarded materials using monitoring techniques are expected to mitigate marine debris mismanagement. For example, derelict oyster farming rafts along the southwestern coast of Taiwan have been a source of marine debris pollution since the 1980s. An efficient inspection system is an urgent requirement for monitoring oyster farming areas and, is expected to implement control and surveillance measures for litter discarded from coastal fisheries. To address this issue, this study examined combinations of radio frequency identification (RFID), drone archiving, and onshore receiving systems to ascertain the positions of oyster rafts and their owners with digitally tagged labels. The results showed that the two proposed monitoring systems are feasible for use in marine environments. The RFID signals archived by the drone reached 100% of the 200 tags with a spatial bias ranging from 2.38 to 59.99 m. RFID-GPS hybrid tag signals received by the onshore station covered 100% of the 20 tags with spatial bias ranging from 1.27 to 10.47 m. The RFID-GPS hybrid system was confirmed as a feasible approach for monitoring oyster rafts within 3 km of the coast. The real-time (1 h intervals) position and attributes of each raft detected by the system indicated that our designed techniques enhance responsible fishery surveillance and management of coastal aquaculture worldwide