PCR amplification from single DNA molecules on magnetic beads in emulsion: application for high-throughput screening of transcription factor targets

We have developed a novel method of genetic library construction on magnetic microbeads based on solid-phase single-molecule PCR in a fine and robust water-phase compartment formed in water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions. In this method, critically diluted DNA fragments were distributed over the emulsion as templates, where beads crosslinked with multiple primers and other PCR components were encapsulated to form multiple reaction compartments. The delivered DNA was then amplified and covalently immobilized on the beads in parallel, within individual compartments, to construct a genetic library on beads (GLOBE), which was readily applicable to a genomewide global scanning of genetic elements recognized by a defined DNA-binding protein. We constructed a GLOBE of Paracoccus denitrificans and selected gene beads that were bound to the His-tagged transcription factor PhaR by flow cytometry. As a result of flow cytometry screening with an anti-His fluorescent antibody, the PhaR target fragments were enriched 1200-fold from this library with this system. Therefore, this system is a powerful tool for analyzing the transcription network on a genomewide scale

A Case Report of Carcinoma Originating from Aberrant Breast Tissue

A case of breast cancer originating from accessory breast gland tissue is to be presented. Treatment included the subcutaneous removal of the upper half of the mammary gland and the dissection of axillary lymphnodes. As the incidence of aberrant breast carcinoma is rare, a definite prognostic conclusion can not be made at this point. But follow up (5 years) in our case without recurrence will prove that it is enough when the masses were not palpable within the breast

気腫性巨大肺嚢胞に合併した原発性肺癌の検討

Operations for emphysematous giant bulla have been performed on 17 patients. Complications of primary lung cancer were observed in four of the 17 patients. All the patients who had such lung cancer were male and heavy smokers. As to histological type, squamous cell carcinoma were found in three patients and undifferentiated cancer of large cell type in one patient. The three had squamous cell carcinoma generated from the bronchus on the central side of the giant bulla, while the large cell carcinoma observed in one patient was generated from the bronchus close to the bulla. In two patients, cancer was generated while bulla was under observation. In one patient, the generation of cancer was found simultaneously with the bulla discovery. In the other patient, cancer was generated after bullectomy. These findings suggest that physicians should always pay careful attention to generation and complication of cancer while treating giant bull

ゼロマンモグラー : 59例の乳癌および204例の非癌性乳腺疾患の検討

Of female patients who were subjected to mammary gland xeromammography at the 2nd Dept. of Surgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine for a period from 1979 to 1983, 59 patients with palpable breast cancer and 204 non-cancerous patients confirmed pathologically were studied mainly in regard to direct signs. The incidence of cancer was relatively high in P2 and DY (so-called high-risk) parenchymal pattern groups, indicating necessity of minute interpretation of mammograms in these two groups. As for direct signs of breast cancer, the incidence of tumor shadow was 77.9% (46/59) and that of calcification including microcalcification (21 cases) was 42.9% (25/59) in cancer patients. The false negative rate of xerommography was 13.6% (8/59), attributable to misinterpretation in 4 cases and to mammograms themselves which were completely normal in the remaining 4 cases. The mean age of the false negative cases seemed to be younger than that of whole cancer cases (59 cases) while neither histopathological findings nor parenchymal patterns significantly correlated with the results

ヒト乳癌におけるエストロゲン依存性の検討 : Ⅱ. 進行又は再発乳癌に対するタモキシフェンの臨床的評価

An antiestrogen (tamoxifen) was given to 17 patients with advanced breast cancer (both recurrent and primary cancers) during a period from June 1981 to September 1983. The response rate to the antiestrogen was 47.8% (8/17). Sixty percent (6/10) of patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER +) responded, compared with 16.7% (1/6) of patients with estrogen receptor negative (ER －). Forty percent of patients with soft tissue/lymph nodes involvement responded, compared with 27.2% in patients with bone metastasis, and 25.0% in patients with visceral involvement. Postmenopausal patients responded more than premenopausal ones. In recurrent cases, the response rate increased with the prolongation of disease free interval. Eight out of 17 patients are still alive, and the longest survival case has been in a condition of partial response for 23 months so far. The mean survival period in 9 deaths was 13±9 months, with longest 32 months. As shown here, some patients with advanced breast cancer respond very well to the therapy. From these results, we think the tamoxifen-containing endocrinotherapy in combination with chemotherapy is effective in treatment of · advanced cancer and its active application may enable patients to live longer in the rehabilitated situation

ヒト乳癌におけるエストローゲン依存性の検討 : I. ヒト乳癌組織におけるエストローゲンレセプターの細胞化学的研究

We have had an opportunity to determine estrogen receptor (ER) in cytoplasmic fractions of primary breast cancer specimens taken from 79 patients under a fluorescent microscope using fluorescent estradiol conjugate as a tracer. In this study, an estrogen receptor is reported as positive when not less than 10% of carcinoma cells incorporate fluorescent estradiol conjugate into cytoplasma. The ER positive rate was 61% in the total cases, varying by age: 70% in 40s and younger, 43% in 50s, and 60% in 60s and older patients. Sixty-eight % of premenopausal breast cancers conpared to 54% of postmenopausal ones were ER positive. Broken down by the histological type, the rates were 70% in papilla-tubular carinoma, 59 % in medullary tubular carcinoma, and 57 % in scirrhous type. The rates by tumor size according to the clinical TNM classification were 70 % in T1, 59% in T2, 91% in T3, and 34% in T4. The rates by stage difined by the pathological TNM classification were 65 % in Stage I, 50% in Stage II, 87% in Stage III, and 45% in Stage IV. We discuss our findings and review others, as well