PLANT REGENERATION FROM CALLUS CULTURES DERIVED FROM MATURE ZYGOTIC EMBRYOS OF SOPHORA ALOPECUROIDES LINN. IN MONGOLIA

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of hormones and selection of the most effective medium using callus cultures derived from mature zygotic embryos of Sophora alopecuroides Linn. for plant regeneration. After 8 weeks of culture, the highest callus induction medium (93.3%) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mglL Zeatin and 2.0 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The best callus proliferation was observed on the same medium. Shoots regenerated at the highest frequency of 50.0% with 5.8 shoots when calli were cultured on MS medium with 2.0 mg/L BA. Therefore, this protocol provides a basis for future studies on genetic improvement and could be applied to large-scale multiplication systems for commercial nurseries of S.alopecuroides L

Study of anatomical feature of in vitro and ex vitro regeneration plant of Sophora Alopecuroides l.

The success of shoot and rooting from the nodal shoot segments of Sophora alopecuroides L. were induced in vitro condition. However, transferring and acclimatizing the plantlets to under soil or ex vitro condition were difficult. This study investigated plant survival with anatomical changes in plantlets while transferring from in vitro to ex vitro conditions to investigate vascular cylinder variations. The ex vitro rooting of the in vitro regenerated shoots, after having been treated with 500 mg/L IBA, showed a success rate of 80 per cent. These plantlets were rooted and acclimatized simultaneously in ex vitro condition

Establishment of callus and cell suspension culture of Sophora alopecuroides Linn. for the production of oxymatrine

Oxymatrine is one of the most important biologically active compounds and is present in Sophora alopecuroides L. The present investigation focuses on the development of an efficient tissue culture method to induce callus and cell suspension culture of S. alopecuroides by studying the effect of jasmonic acid and nitric oxide on cell suspension culture. Callus induction efficiency is high in axenic leaf explants grown in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L Kinetin (Kin), 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The cell suspension culture was developed using the same callus induction medium without agar. The maximum cell number and dry weight of suspension culture were obtained by the 9th day of incubation. The synthesis of oxymatrine is higher in jasmonic acid and nitric oxide (200 µMJA and 50 µMNO) combination (11.91 µg/g) when compared to the non-elicited control (8.3 µg/g) of callus

Forest Cover Assessment in Tuv province of Mongolia Using MODIS and Landsat-7 ETM+

The study aimed at determining the relative proportions of forest cover and other components in a mixed pixel. For this purpose a linear mixing model was used for the derivation of a land cover classification map in two study areas of Tuv province, Mongolia. Main types of forest cover change are forests to burn scars and agricultural fields in the study areas. In this paper, two reflective channels 3 and 4 of LANDSAT ETM+ and reflective channels land 2 of MODIS data was used to map five and four land components respectively. Clouds proportion was derived using MODIS data. A synergy between high-resolution MODIS and Landsat ETM+ data may greatly enhance the operational success of satellite based vegetation monitoring, in providing multi-spectral data on parameters of the environment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i4.40Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2007 No 4 pp.50-5

Study of the Possibility of Reducing the Slow Fluctuations of the Reactivity and Thermal Power of the IBR-2M Reactor

This paper presents an artificial neural network method for long-term prediction of the thermal dynamic parameters of the IBR-2M reactor. Attention is focused mainly on the prediction of the temperature and sodium flow at the entry into the core as well as the thermal power. It is shown that the prediction makes it possible to reduce by a factor of 3 the influence of slow fluctuations of reactivity on the power and thereby reduce the operational requirements for the automatic power stabilization system

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Stellera chamaejasme L. Roots and Aerial Parts Extracts

Natural products, mainly plants, have a crucial role in folk medicine. Particularly, Stellera chamaejasme L. has been traditionally used in Mongolian medicine to treat various diseases, including chronic tracheitis, tuberculosis, and psoriasis. In this study, ethanol (EtOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of its roots (R) and aerial parts (AP) were evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Thin-layer chromatography demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, namely kaempferol and quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside, only in the EtOH-AP. Conversely, it showed that kaempferol, quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside, coumarin, luteolin, rutin, morin, and riboflavin were not present in the other three extracts. The S. chamaejasme extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity. In addition, the roots extracts presented the highest antioxidant activity against peroxyl radicals, with the EtOH-R being the most potent (IC50 = 0.90 ± 0.07 µg/mL). S. chamaejasme extracts also efficiently inhibited the production of one of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, in a dose-dependent manner by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Particularly, DCM-R was the strongest extract, reducing â 91.5% of the IL-6 production. Since this extract was the most effective, gas chromatographyâ mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed and demonstrated the presence of two fatty acids (palmitic acid and 9-octadecenoic acid), one fatty alcohol (1-hexadecanol), and one triterpenoid (squalene) that can contribute to the observed bioactivity. Herewith, S. chamaejasme extracts, mainly DCM-R, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that could be applied as new and innovative natural formulations for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.This research was funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) to the Ph.D. grant of SFV (PD/BD/135246/2017 and COVID/BD/152012/2021) and the projects PATH (PD/00169/2013), Cells4_IDs (PTDC/BTM-SAL/28882/2017) and the NORTE 2020 Structured Project co-funded by Norte2020 (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000021). The authors also acknowledge the REMIX Project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Maria Sklodowska Curie Grant (778078 H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017)

Socio-economic impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease outbreaks and control measures:An analysis of Mongolian outbreaks in 2017

Mongolia is a large landlocked country in central Asia and has one of the highest per capita livestock ratios in the world. During 2017 reported Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in Mongolia increased considerably, prompting widespread disease control measures. This study estimates the socio‐economic impact of FMD and subsequent control measures on Mongolian herders. The analysis encompassed quantification of the impact on subsistence farmers’ livelihoods and food security and estimation of the national level gross losses due to reaction and expenditure during 2017. Data were collected from 112 herders across eight Provinces that reported disease. Seventy of these herders had cases of FMD, while 42 did not have FMD in their animals but were within quarantine zones. Overall, 86/112 herders reported not drinking milk for a period of time and 38/112 reduced their meat consumption. Furthermore, 55 herders (49.1%) had to borrow money to buy food, medicines and/or pay bills or bank loans. Among herders with FMD cases, the median attack rate was 31.7%, 3.8% and 0.59% in cattle, sheep and goats respectively, with important differences across Provinces. Herders with clinical cases before the winter had higher odds of reporting a reduction in their meat consumption. National level gross losses due to FMD in 2017 were estimated using government data. The estimate of gross economic loss was 18.4 billion Mongolian‐tugriks (US$7.35 million) which equates to approximately 0.65% of the Mongolian GDP. The FMD outbreaks combined with current control measures has negatively impacted herders’ livelihoods (including herders with and without cases of FMD) which is likely to reduce stakeholder advocacy. Possible strategies that could be employed to ameliorate the negative effects of the current control policy were identified. The findings and approach are relevant to other FMD endemic regions aiming to control the disease

Needlestick and sharps injuries among health care workers at public tertiary hospitals in an urban community in Mongolia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSSIs) are one of the major risk factors for blood-borne infections at healthcare facilities. This study examines the current situation of NSSIs among health care workers at public tertiary hospitals in an urban community in Mongolia and explores strategies for the prevention of these injuries.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>A survey of 621 health care workers was undertaken in two public tertiary hospitals in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, in July 2006. A semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire was distributed to study injection practices and the occurrence of NSSIs. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with experiencing NSSIs. Among the 435 healthcare workers who returned a completed questionnaire, the incidence of NSSIs during the previous 3 months was 38.4%. Health care workers were more likely to report NSSIs if they worked longer than 35 hours per week (odds ratio, OR: 2.47; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.31-4.66) and administered more than 10 injections per day (OR: 4.76; 95% CI: 1.97-11.49). The likelihood of self-reporting NSSIs significantly decreased if health care workers adhered to universal precautions (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17-0.68).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>NSSIs are a common public health problem at public tertiary hospitals in Mongolia. The promotion of adequate working conditions, elimination of excessive injection use, and adherence to universal precautions will be important for the future control of potential infections with blood-borne pathogens due to occupational exposures to sharps in this setting.</p

Genome-wide association analysis with selective genotyping identifies candidate loci for adult height at 8q21.13 and 15q22.33-q23 in Mongolians

We performed a genome-wide association study with 23,465 microsatellite markers to identify genes related to adult height. Selective genotyping was applied to extremely tall and extremely short individuals from the Khalkh-Mongolian population. Two loci, 8q21.13 and 15q22.33, which showed the strongest association with microsatellites were subjected to further analyses of SNPs in 782 tall and 773 short individuals. The most significant association was observed with SNP rs2220456 at 8q21.13 (P = 0.000016). In the LD block at 15q22.32, SNP rs8038652 located in intron 1 of IQCH was strongly associated (P = 0.0003), especially the AA genotype of the SNP under a recessive model was strongly associated with adult height (P = 0.000046)