8 research outputs found
Understanding the Efficiency of Autonomous Nano- and Microscale Motors
We
analyze the power conversion efficiency of different classes
of autonomous nano- and micromotors. For bimetallic catalytic motors
that operate by a self-electrophoretic mechanism, there are four stages
of energy loss, and together they result in a power conversion efficiency
on the order of 10<sup>–9</sup>. The results of finite element
modeling agree well with experimental measurements of the efficiency
of catalytic Pt–Au nanorod motors. Modifications of the composition
and shape of bimetallic catalytic motors were predicted computationally
and found experimentally to lead to higher efficiency. The efficiencies
of bubble-propelled catalytic micromotors, magnetically driven flagellar
motors, Janus micromotors driven by self-generated thermal gradients,
and ultrasonically driven metallic micromotors are also analyzed and
discussed
Enhanced Transport into and out of Dead-End Pores
Dead-end micro- and nanoscale channels are ubiquitous in nature and are found in geological and biological systems subject to frequent disruptions. Achieving fluid flows in them is not possible through conventional pressure-driven mechanisms. Here we show that chemically driven convective flows leading to transport in and out of dead-end pores can occur by the phenomenon of “transient diffusioosmosis”. The advective velocity depends on the presence of an <i>in situ</i>-generated transient ion gradient and the intrinsic charge on the pore wall. The flows can reach speeds of 50 μm/s and cause extraction of otherwise-trapped materials. Our results illustrate that chemical energy, in the form of a transient salt gradient, can be transduced into mechanical motion with the pore wall acting as the pump. As discussed, the phenomena may underlie observed transport in many geological and biological systems involving tight or dead-end micro- and nanochannels
Enhanced Transport into and out of Dead-End Pores
Dead-end micro- and nanoscale channels are ubiquitous in nature and are found in geological and biological systems subject to frequent disruptions. Achieving fluid flows in them is not possible through conventional pressure-driven mechanisms. Here we show that chemically driven convective flows leading to transport in and out of dead-end pores can occur by the phenomenon of “transient diffusioosmosis”. The advective velocity depends on the presence of an <i>in situ</i>-generated transient ion gradient and the intrinsic charge on the pore wall. The flows can reach speeds of 50 μm/s and cause extraction of otherwise-trapped materials. Our results illustrate that chemical energy, in the form of a transient salt gradient, can be transduced into mechanical motion with the pore wall acting as the pump. As discussed, the phenomena may underlie observed transport in many geological and biological systems involving tight or dead-end micro- and nanochannels
Enhanced Transport into and out of Dead-End Pores
Dead-end micro- and nanoscale channels are ubiquitous in nature and are found in geological and biological systems subject to frequent disruptions. Achieving fluid flows in them is not possible through conventional pressure-driven mechanisms. Here we show that chemically driven convective flows leading to transport in and out of dead-end pores can occur by the phenomenon of “transient diffusioosmosis”. The advective velocity depends on the presence of an <i>in situ</i>-generated transient ion gradient and the intrinsic charge on the pore wall. The flows can reach speeds of 50 μm/s and cause extraction of otherwise-trapped materials. Our results illustrate that chemical energy, in the form of a transient salt gradient, can be transduced into mechanical motion with the pore wall acting as the pump. As discussed, the phenomena may underlie observed transport in many geological and biological systems involving tight or dead-end micro- and nanochannels
Enhanced Transport into and out of Dead-End Pores
Dead-end micro- and nanoscale channels are ubiquitous in nature and are found in geological and biological systems subject to frequent disruptions. Achieving fluid flows in them is not possible through conventional pressure-driven mechanisms. Here we show that chemically driven convective flows leading to transport in and out of dead-end pores can occur by the phenomenon of “transient diffusioosmosis”. The advective velocity depends on the presence of an <i>in situ</i>-generated transient ion gradient and the intrinsic charge on the pore wall. The flows can reach speeds of 50 μm/s and cause extraction of otherwise-trapped materials. Our results illustrate that chemical energy, in the form of a transient salt gradient, can be transduced into mechanical motion with the pore wall acting as the pump. As discussed, the phenomena may underlie observed transport in many geological and biological systems involving tight or dead-end micro- and nanochannels
Enhanced Transport into and out of Dead-End Pores
Dead-end micro- and nanoscale channels are ubiquitous in nature and are found in geological and biological systems subject to frequent disruptions. Achieving fluid flows in them is not possible through conventional pressure-driven mechanisms. Here we show that chemically driven convective flows leading to transport in and out of dead-end pores can occur by the phenomenon of “transient diffusioosmosis”. The advective velocity depends on the presence of an <i>in situ</i>-generated transient ion gradient and the intrinsic charge on the pore wall. The flows can reach speeds of 50 μm/s and cause extraction of otherwise-trapped materials. Our results illustrate that chemical energy, in the form of a transient salt gradient, can be transduced into mechanical motion with the pore wall acting as the pump. As discussed, the phenomena may underlie observed transport in many geological and biological systems involving tight or dead-end micro- and nanochannels
Enhanced Transport into and out of Dead-End Pores
Dead-end micro- and nanoscale channels are ubiquitous in nature and are found in geological and biological systems subject to frequent disruptions. Achieving fluid flows in them is not possible through conventional pressure-driven mechanisms. Here we show that chemically driven convective flows leading to transport in and out of dead-end pores can occur by the phenomenon of “transient diffusioosmosis”. The advective velocity depends on the presence of an <i>in situ</i>-generated transient ion gradient and the intrinsic charge on the pore wall. The flows can reach speeds of 50 μm/s and cause extraction of otherwise-trapped materials. Our results illustrate that chemical energy, in the form of a transient salt gradient, can be transduced into mechanical motion with the pore wall acting as the pump. As discussed, the phenomena may underlie observed transport in many geological and biological systems involving tight or dead-end micro- and nanochannels
Enhanced Transport into and out of Dead-End Pores
Dead-end micro- and nanoscale channels are ubiquitous in nature and are found in geological and biological systems subject to frequent disruptions. Achieving fluid flows in them is not possible through conventional pressure-driven mechanisms. Here we show that chemically driven convective flows leading to transport in and out of dead-end pores can occur by the phenomenon of “transient diffusioosmosis”. The advective velocity depends on the presence of an <i>in situ</i>-generated transient ion gradient and the intrinsic charge on the pore wall. The flows can reach speeds of 50 μm/s and cause extraction of otherwise-trapped materials. Our results illustrate that chemical energy, in the form of a transient salt gradient, can be transduced into mechanical motion with the pore wall acting as the pump. As discussed, the phenomena may underlie observed transport in many geological and biological systems involving tight or dead-end micro- and nanochannels