Evaluating the economic effects of r&d; in less favoured countries: The notion of complementarity

When evaluating the economic effects of R&D in less favoured countries the classical indicators used in advanced countries have to be complemented with additional ones. They should measure whether these economies are in the process of social change that will permit them not only to achieve positive R&D results, but also to transform them into competitive production. Thus a system of complementarity indicators is suggested, which enable the success of the innovative process to be measured. © 1992 University of North Carolina Press

Can we benchmark the contribution of research and development investment to growth and competitiveness?

This paper suggests that there is no universal model we can use to quantify the impact of RandD on growth and competitiveness. The design and effectiveness of policies are crucial in this relationship and their effects may be anything from a spectacular success to total misallocation of resources. Selected variables are suggested for benchmarking, such as business RandD, a good share of new-technology based (small) firms and bigger companies, the education and mobility of the labour force and the creation of effective intermediaries that facilitate interaction, as well as a process of restructuring. However, dangers are also associated with such a benchmarking approach, if recommendations neglect path dependencies and apparently best practices are transferred without adaptation

Evaluating the economic effects of r&d; in less favoured countries: The notion of complementarity

When evaluating the economic effects of R&D in less favoured countries the classical indicators used in advanced countries have to be complemented with additional ones. They should measure whether these economies are in the process of social change that will permit them not only to achieve positive R&D results, but also to transform them into competitive production. Thus a system of complementarity indicators is suggested, which enable the success of the innovative process to be measured. © 1992 University of North Carolina Press

Comparing innovation performance and science in society in the european member states

This paper investigates the potential congruence between research and innovation intensity in a country and the role society plays in the adoption and dissemination of scientific results. Using descriptive reports it tries to quantify certain variables and finds a significant degree of coincidence between the two. This, however, does not indicate any causal relationship but suggests that a systematic exercise of this type is feasible and may lead to the creation of valuable time series that can form solid evidence for policy in the future and create an interesting database for further research and policy-making. Countries that rank higher in their 'science in society' performance compared to their innovation ranking may be used as models for imitation. Furthermore, the rating process indicated that there are significant differences between European member states but there is at least a minimum involvement in every country © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved

The Co-Evolution of the Digital Transition and Appropriate Skills at City Level

All European municipalities are by now engaging into major or minor efforts to transform into smart cities because smart means more opportunities for their citizens, businesses, and public-private collaboration. Becoming or being smart is intrinsically linked with skills necessary for appropriate developments and operations of digital infrastructure, platforms, and services. There is a virtuous circle of agglomeration benefits attracting skills, which in turn lead to more agglomeration economies. This explains the dynamics of model digital cities but also why many municipalities are left behind. This chapter analyses the meaning and characteristics of smart cities. Their history, the concept, as well as the six axes of smart cities (smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment, smart people, smart living, and smart governance) serve as a basis to appreciate the skills needed for the transition. The labour market for smart cities is highly demanding in terms of the type of skills needed, which go well beyond ICT to include management and modern soft skills. We discuss them for the actors who will develop/use these skills and indicate ways how such skills can be obtained. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Credit rating model development: An ordered analysis based on accounting data

In this paper we propose and test a methodology for constructing a credit rating model. We follow a polytomous ordered probit analysis leading to the specification of statistically significant credit rating intervals. We test our model with accounting data of Greek listed firms over the years 2004-2013, a period which includes both the pre-crisis growth and the crisis phase of the Greek economy and the stock market. Using the empirically-based rating categories that the model generates endogenously, we observe not only a clear and timely response of ratings to the changing economic environment, but we also obtain significant predictive ability over a period of one, two and three years. © 2016 Elsevier B.V