29 research outputs found
Carotid Baroreceptor Stimulation for the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension
Interventional activation of the carotid baroreflex has been an appealing idea for the management of resistant hypertension for several decades, yet its clinical application remained elusive and a goal for the future. It is only recently that the profound understanding of the complex anatomy and pathophysiology of the circuit, combined with the accumulation of relevant experimental and clinical data both in animals and in humans, has allowed the development of a more effective and well-promising approach. Indeed, current data support a sustained over a transient reduction of blood pressure through the resetting of baroreceptors, and technical deficits have been minimized with a subsequent recession of adverse events. In addition, clinical outcomes from the application of a new implantable device (Rheos) that induces carotid baroreceptor stimulation point towards a safe and effective blood pressure reduction, but longer experience is needed before its integration in the everyday clinical practice. While accumulating evidence indicates that carotid baroreceptor stimulation exerts its benefits beyond blood pressure reduction, further research is necessary to assess the spectrum of beneficial effects and evaluate potential hazards, before the extraction of secure conclusions
The AGT and the GNB3 polymorphisms and insulin resistance in prehypertension
OBJECTIVE: This study surveyed the frequencies of single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) M235T AGT and C825T GNB3, and their association
with insulin resistance, other biochemical markers and qualitative
variables in subjects with high normal blood pressure and/or
prehypertension in the Greek population. DESIGN: 330 men and women of
Greek origin were divided into 3 groups: a) hypertensive, b)
prehypertensive and c) control group. These groups were genetically
tested for these polymorphisms and insulin resistance with the HOMA
index. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found
among the polymorphisms of the compared groups. However, the. allele
carriers (CT/TT vs. CC) of the C825T polymorphism were associated with
an increased BMI in all 3 groups (p=0.004). The HOMA index was higher in
the hypertensive (p=0.006) and prehypertensive (p=0.016) versus the
control group, and similar results were found for insulin (hypertensive
vs. control p=0.012, prehypertensive vs. control p=0.001) without
statistical significance between the first 2 groups (p=0.522).
Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between
the control group and the hypertensive and prehypertensive groups
regarding cholesterol (control vs. hypertensive p=0.001, control vs.
prehypertension p=0.018) and triglycerides (control vs. hypertensive
p=0.0001, control vs. prehypertension p=0.007). Differences were also
noted between the control and the hypertensive group regarding the value
of HDL (p=0.005) and LDL (p=0.013). CONCLUSION: This study failed to
demonstrate a correlation between specific SNPs, blood pressure and
insulin resistance in the 3 groups. However,. allele carriers of the
polymorphism C825T were found to have an increased BMI. Similarly,
increased insulin resistance and lipidemia were more common in the
hypertensive and prehypertensive populations
Azilsartan as a Potent Antihypertensive Drug with Possible Pleiotropic Cardiometabolic Effects: A Review Study
BACKGROUND: Hypertension related cardiovascular (CV) complications could be amplified by the presence of metabolic co-morbidities. Azilsartan medoxomil (AZL-M) is the eighth approved member of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), a drug class of high priority in the management of hypertensive subjects with diabetes mellitus type II (DMII). METHODS: Under this prism, we performed a systematic review of the literature for all relevant articles in order to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and possible clinical role of AZL-M in hypertensive diabetic patients. RESULTS: AZL-M was found to be more effective in terms of reducing indices of blood pressure over alternative ARBs or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with minimal side effects. Preclinical studies have established pleiotropic effects for AZL-M beyond its primary antihypertensive role through differential gene expression, up-regulation of membrane receptors and favorable effect on selective intracellular biochemical and pro-atherosclerotic pathways. CONCLUSION: Indirect but accumulating evidence from recent literature supports the efficacy and safety of AZL-M among diabetic patients. However, no clinical data exist to date that evince a beneficial role of AZL-M in patients with metabolic disorders on top of its antihypertensive effect. Further clinical studies are warranted to assess the pleiotropic cardiometabolic benefits of AZL-M that are derived from preclinical research
Predictive Role of Stress Echocardiography before Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
ObjectivesOur aim was to examine the predictive value of preoperative
stress echocardiography regarding early myocardial ischemia and late
cardiac events after carotid endarterectomy (CEA).
MethodsPatients with coronary artery disease undergoing CEA were
prospectively included in this study. All patients (n=162) were
classified into low, medium, and high cardiac risk group, according to
preoperative stress echocardiography. Classification was based on the
criteria of the American Society of Echocardiography. For all patients,
cTnI was measured before surgery and on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7.
Postoperative cTnI values ranging from 0.05 to 0.5ng/mL were classified
as myocardial ischemia; values >0.5ng/mL were classified as myocardial
infarction. Cardiac damage was defined as either myocardial ischemia or
infarction.
ResultsNo deaths, strokes, or symptomatic coronary events were observed
during the early postoperative period. There were 112 low cardiac risk
patients, 42 medium-risk patients, and 8 high-risk patients, according
to stress echocardiography findings. Overall, there were 22 patients
(14%) that increased their cTnI values postoperatively (12 of low
cardiac risk and 10 of medium cardiac risk), and all of them were
asymptomatic. None of the high-risk patients showed any troponin
increase. Late cardiac events were associated with cTnI increase,
although no high-risk patients showed any late event.
ConclusionsPreoperative stress echocardiography does not seem to
independently recognize patients in high risk for asymptomatic cardiac
damage after CEA. Postoperative troponin elevation seems to be more
predictive for late adverse cardiac events than preoperative stress
echocardiography
Dietary and lifestyle patterns in relation to high blood pressure in children: the GRECO study
Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate
possible associations of dietary patterns with high blood pressure (BP)
in a nationwide cross-sectional sample of 10-12 years old Greek
schoolchildren.
Methods: Anthropometric measurements and information on dietary (by a
semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire) and physical activity
habits were obtained from the children. BPs was measured in a single
occasion using a standard protocol. Data from 2024 normal energy
reporting children were included in the analysis. Principal component
analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns.
Results: Seven dietary components (patterns) were extracted explaining
55% of the total variation in intake. Multiple logistic regression
analysis revealed that predictors of high BP (75th percentile of SBP
and/or DBP) were a pattern mainly characterized by the high consumption
of cheese and red processed meat [odds ratio (OR) 1.15; 95%
confidence intervals (CI) 1.03-1.30], being overweight (OR 2.10; 95% CI
1.61-2.73) or obese (OR 3.84; 95% CI 2.44-6.06) and breakfast frequency
(OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90-0.99). After controlling for sodium intake
levels, the dietary pattern did not remain a significant predictor of
high BP, indicating the potential mediating effect of sodium in the
association.
Conclusion: A dietary pattern that is characterized by high cheese and
red processed meat consumption increases the likelihood of having high
BP in children, probably through increasing dietary sodium intake. These
findings could guide future interventions or public health initiatives
to prevent the increasing rates of childhood elevated BP levels
Azilsartan as a Potent Antihypertensive Drug with Possible Pleiotropic Cardiometabolic Effects: A Review Study
Background: Hypertension related cardiovascular (CV) complications could
be amplified by the presence of metabolic co-morbidities. Azilsartan
medoxomil (AZL-M) is the eighth approved member of angiotensin II
receptor blockers (ARBs), a drug class of high priority in the
management of hypertensive subjects with diabetes mellitus type II
(DMII).
Methods: Under this prism, we performed a systematic review of the
literature for all relevant articles in order to evaluate the efficacy,
safety, and possible clinical role of AZL-M in hypertensive diabetic
patients.
Results: AZL-M was found to be more effective in terms of reducing
indices of blood pressure over alternative ARBs or angiotensin
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with minimal side effects.
Preclinical studies have established pleiotropic effects for AZL-M
beyond its primary antihypertensive role through differential gene
expression, up-regulation of membrane receptors and favorable effect on
selective intracellular biochemical and pro-atherosclerotic pathways.
Conclusion: Indirect but accumulating evidence from recent literature
supports the efficacy and safety of AZL-M among diabetic patients.
However, no clinical data exist to date that evince a beneficial role of
AZL-M in patients with metabolic disorders on top of its
antihypertensive effect. Further clinical studies are warranted to
assess the pleiotropic cardiometabolic benefits of AZL-M that are
derived from preclinical research
Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Therapy in Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Update on Current Data.
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a markedly elevated cardiovascular (CV) risk due to premature atherosclerosis. Previous studies have shown that intense glycemic control reduces the incidence of CV disease. Antiplatelet therapy is considered to be a very important therapy for secondary prevention of recurrent atherothrombotic events in patients with DM, while it may be considered for primary prevention in individuals with T1DM with additional CV risk factors.The aim of the present review is to summarize existing literature data regarding the thrombotic risk in T1DM patients and discuss current treatment strategies