101 research outputs found
Dynamics in a Bistable-Element-Network with Delayed Coupling and Local Noise
The dynamics of an ensemble of bistable elements under the influence of noise
and with global time-delayed coupling is studied numerically by using a
Langevin description and analytically by using 1) a Gaussian approximation and
2) a dichotomous model. We find that for a strong enough positive feedback the
system undergoes a phase transition and adopts a non-zero stationary mean
field. A variety of coexisting oscillatory mean field states are found for
positive and negative couplings. The magnitude of the oscillatory states is
maximal for a certain noise temperature, i.e., the system demonstrates the
phenomenon of coherence resonance. While away form the transition points the
system dynamics is well described by the Gaussian approximation, near the
bifurcations it is more adequately described by the dichotomous model.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures. To be published in the proceedings of "The 3rd
International Symposium on Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems", eds. M.
Tokuyama, I. Oppenheim, AIP Conf. serie
Statistical Theory of Asymmetric Damage Segregation in Clonal Cell Populations
Asymmetric damage segregation (ADS) is ubiquitous among unicellular
organisms: After a mother cell divides, its two daughter cells receive
sometimes slightly, sometimes strongly different fractions of damaged proteins
accumulated in the mother cell. Previous studies demonstrated that ADS provides
a selective advantage over symmetrically dividing cells by rejuvenating and
perpetuating the population as a whole. In this work we focus on the
statistical properties of damage in individual lineages and the overall damage
distributions in growing populations for a variety of ADS models with different
rules governing damage accumulation, segregation, and the lifetime dependence
on damage. We show that for a large class of deterministic ADS rules the
trajectories of damage along the lineages are chaotic, and the distributions of
damage in cells born at a given time asymptotically becomes fractal. By
exploiting the analogy of linear ADS models with the Iterated Function Systems
known in chaos theory, we derive the Frobenius-Perron equation for the
stationary damage density distribution and analytically compute the damage
distribution moments and fractal dimensions. We also investigate nonlinear and
stochastic variants of ADS models and show the robustness of the salient
features of the damage distributions.Comment: Mathematical Biosciences, 2023 (in press
Swarming and swirling in self-propelled polar granular rods
Using experiments with anisotropic vibrated rods and quasi-2D numerical
simulations, we show that shape plays an important role in the collective
dynamics of self-propelled (SP) particles. We demonstrate that SP rods exhibit
local ordering, aggregation at the side walls, and clustering absent in round
SP particles. Furthermore, we find that at sufficiently strong excitation SP
rods engage in a persistent swirling motion in which the velocity is strongly
correlated with particle orientation.Comment: 4 page
Discrete stochastic modeling of calcium channel dynamics
We propose a simple discrete stochastic model for calcium dynamics in living
cells. Specifically, the calcium concentration distribution is assumed to give
rise to a set of probabilities for the opening/closing of channels which
release calcium thereby changing those probabilities. We study this model in
one dimension, analytically in the mean-field limit of large number of channels
per site N, and numerically for small N. As the number of channels per site is
increased, the transition from a non-propagating region of activity to a
propagating one changes in nature from one described by directed percolation to
that of deterministic depinning in a spatially discrete system. Also, for a
small number of channels a propagating calcium wave can leave behind a novel
fluctuation-driven state, in a parameter range where the limiting deterministic
model exhibits only single pulse propagation.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR
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