Examining advance time of furrow irrigation at Koga irrigation scheme, Ethiopia

Koga irrigation scheme was developed to irrigate about 7004 ha. Furrow irrigation is the recommended method for the distribution of water. However, furrow irrigation has inherent inefficiencies due to deep percolation on the upper end and runoff at the lower end of the furrow. These losses depend on furrow length, furrow gradient, surface roughness, stream size and cutoff time. These factors play significant role to influence the advance time of irrigation and the operation rule of the scheme. This paper examines the advance time of furrow irrigation at Koga. The experiment was conducted during 2012 irrigation season in two periods (February and April). The advance time of irrigation was monitored at three discharge rates and four furrow gradients at 90–110 m furrow length. The required discharge was measured using RBC flume. The average advance time at respective discharge rates of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.8 litre/sec range from 290–460 min, 150–437 min and 100–294 min during 1st irrigation; and 115–370 min, 78–189 min and 43–217 min during 2nd irrigation. The advance time vary greatly among the discharge rates when the furrow length increases. The advance time of water at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 2.5 % gradients was 236, 181, 197 and 398 min at 1st irrigation and 163, 175, 220 and 88 min at 2nd irrigation respectively. Furrow gradients and surface irregularities result in great variation of advance time. The advance time becomes shorter when the field gets smoother during 2nd irrigation. Under non-levelled and irregular field conditions, 0.6–0.8 litre/sec application rate can be suggested to irrigate 30–40 m furrow lengths in order to improve application efficiency above 60% and to optimize the daily operation rule of the overall scheme. The result of this study indicates the relevance of examining the furrow length, discharge and application time recommended in the feasibility study of irrigation schemes

Bioethanol production from yarrowia lipolytica Po1g biomass

Bioethanol production from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica biomass was studied. The effects of temperature (90–150°C) and H2SO4 concentration (2–15% w/w) on the saccharification of biomass at a hydrolysis time of 1 h were investigated. A maximum glucose concentration of 35.89 g/L can be produced from defatted biomass using 6% H2SO4 at 120°C. Subcritical water (SCW) pretreatment has negligible effect on maximizing glucose yield. Only 14.53 g/L glucose can be produced using 6% H2SO4 at 120°C if undefatted biomass was used. The highest ethanol concentration achieved was 13.39 g/L with a corresponding ethanol yield of 0.084 g/g dry biomass (0.38 g ethanol/g glucose)

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Not AvailableCarrier-based (soil/FYM, 1:1) plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates (Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella planticola and Proteus vulgaris) were tested individually and in combination with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae under field conditions on soybean and lentil crops, respectively, under field conditions. Inoculation of soybean (Glycine max) cv. Pusa 22 with B. subtilis produced maximum nodule number, mass and nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction activity, ARA) followed by B. japonicum (SB 271). Maximum soybean yield was registered with the coinoculation of B. japonicum and B. subtilis over an uninoculated control. Maximum nodulation in the lentil (Lens culinaris) cv. L 4147 was obtained with a combination of R. leguminosarum (L-12-87) and P. vulgaris inoculation followed by a single inoculation with Rhizobium and B. subtilis. None of the PGPR isolates either singly or in coinoculation with R. leguminosarum could significantly influence the yield of the lentil crop.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableCarrier-based (Soil: FYM:: l: l) plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates [Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella planticola, Proteus vulgaris, Azospirillum brasilense(CDJA), Azotobacter chroococcum (CBD 15)] were tested on mustard (Brassicajuncea L. cv. Pusa Bold), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Morden) and teff (Eragrostis teffcv. DZ-01-354), for their ability to influence the growth and yield in the presence and absence of applied fertilizer nitrogen. The results revealed in general, with the increase in nitrogen level there was significant increase in the population of inoculant bacteria. The biomass and seed yield were not influenced markedly by the application of nitrogen fertilizer when tested under green house conditions.. Among inoculants, Bacillus subtilis resulted in significantly more biomass and grain yield than uninoculated control at 0 level of N. Further, the interaction of N and inoculants also revealed better performance.Not Availabl