Article 235 of the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community: Potential Conflicts Between the Dynamics of Lawmaking in the Community and National Constitutional Principles

The purpose of this essay is to analyze the extent to which the present interpretation and application of article 235 of the Treaty appears to be incompatible with basic national constitutional safeguards such as the principles of democracy, the Rule of Law, sovereignty and federalism and to discuss ways to reconcile potential incompatibilities. To this end, Part I will explore the scope of the authority of EEC organs under article 235 as delimited by the European Court of Justice and legal scholars. Part II will analyze potential conflicts between Community powers exercised pursuant to article 235 of the Treaty and national constitutional guarantees. The essay will conclude by proposing safeguards and suggesting remedies against such possible violations of constitutional principles

Open Educational Resources in Public Libraries - an Analysis of Potentials and Limitations

Open Educational Resources (OER) sind offen lizenzierte Lehr- und Lernmaterialien, welche frei genutzt, weiterverbreitet und modifiziert werden können. Sie gelten als wichtige Unterstützungsmaßnahme für das lebenslange Lernen, welches für Bibliotheken aufgrund ihrer zunehmenden Identifikation als Lernorte von Bedeutung ist. Diese Bachelorarbeit hat deshalb zum Ziel, die Potenziale und Grenzen von OER sowie notwendige Rahmenbedingungen für einen Einsatz in Bibliotheken zu analysieren. Zusätzlich wird ermittelt, ob OER sich als Alternative zu kommerziellen E-Learning-Angeboten eignen. Um diese Fragen zu klären, wurde eine Online-Befragung zu OER an Öffentlichen Bibliotheken in Baden-Württemberg vorgenommen. Die Umfrageergebnisse werden nach einer allgemeinen Einführung in die Thematik präsentiert. Als die am wichtigsten empfundenen Vorteile konnten die Kostenersparnis und die Möglichkeit, eine größere Auswahl an Medien bieten zu können, ermittelt werden. Die Resultate lassen vermuten, dass das Potenzial der OER, die Positionierung der Bibliothek als Lernort zu stärken, noch nicht umfassend wahrgenommen wird. Die Antworten deuten auf ein generelles Interesse an der Thematik und eine doch vorhandene Aufgeschlossenheit gegenüber der Implementierung eines OER-Angebots hin. Gleichzeitig zeigen sie auf, dass dies nur mit der didaktischen Weiterbildung des Bibliothekspersonals und der Unterstützung durch ein Kompetenznetzwerk realisierbar wäre.Open Educational Resources (OER) are openly licensed teaching and learning materials which can be freely used, redistributed and modified. They are seen as promoters of lifelong learning, which has been a topic of interest for libraries for the last few years as they are increasingly identifying themselves as learning locations. This bachelor thesis was therefore written with the purpose to analyse potentials, hindrances as well as required frameworks for an implementation of OER in public libraries. The objective also included determining whether OER could be an alter-native to commercial e-learning products. To this aim, a survey on the topic of OER was conducted with public libraries in Baden-Wuerttemberg. The results are presented after a general introduction to the topic. They identify cost benefits and an enhanced supply of teaching and learning materials as major perceived advan-tages and imply that the potential of OER to strengthen the libraries´ position as a location of learning has not yet been fully realised. The responses suggest a ge-neral interest in the topic and an openness towards an implementation of OER but they also point to the conclusion, that an implementation of OER in public libraries is only feasible with the support of a competence center and if library staff receive advanced didactic education

Article 235 of the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community: Potential Conflicts Between the Dynamics of Lawmaking in the Community and National Constitutional Principles

The purpose of this essay is to analyze the extent to which the present interpretation and application of article 235 of the Treaty appears to be incompatible with basic national constitutional safeguards such as the principles of democracy, the Rule of Law, sovereignty and federalism and to discuss ways to reconcile potential incompatibilities. To this end, Part I will explore the scope of the authority of EEC organs under article 235 as delimited by the European Court of Justice and legal scholars. Part II will analyze potential conflicts between Community powers exercised pursuant to article 235 of the Treaty and national constitutional guarantees. The essay will conclude by proposing safeguards and suggesting remedies against such possible violations of constitutional principles

The world bank in a changing world : selected essays /

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