Le thon : enjeux et stratégies pour l'océan Indien

L'océan Pacifique central et ouest comprend une des zones les plus productives en thons dans le monde. Depuis le début des années 1990, la région a contribué à près de 50% de la production de thons pour l'industrie de la conserve. Les deux organisations régionales et internationales engagées dans la recherche thonière et la gestion des pêcheries dans les régions considérées sont la Commission du Pacifique Sud et l'Agence du Forum des pêches. Malgré les efforts conjoints de ces deux organisations il existe encore des insuffisances dans les structures de gestion halieutique de la zone. Les activités du Forum, la principale organisation, ne couvrent pas tous les états et territoires de la région concernée. De plus il faut prendre en compte le caractère migratoire des espèces de thons pêchés et mettre en oeuvre le programme élaboré par les Nations Unies sur la gestion des stocks de poissons migrateurs et chevauchants. Cette gestion nécessitera la coopération des états et territoires riverains mais aussi la collaboraiton des états pêcheurs non riverains. (Résumé d'auteur

Protecting Australia\u27s Maritime Borders: The MV Tampa and Beyond

The protection of Australia\u27s maritime borders and sovereign interests at sea has, in recent times, increasingly become a leading national security issue. The arrangements for surveillance and enforcement in Australia\u27s maritime zones have seemingly been in almost constant review in what has become a highly politicised issue. Furthermore, the increased incidence of seaborne illegal migration attempts in late 2001, together with the events of 11 September of that year has focused public, as well as official, attention upon all aspects of what has come to be known as homeland security. Homeland security is a complex issue, and the problems associated with the protection of our maritime borders have important operational, legal, administrative, political and diplomatic implications. The new emphasis on maritime border protection and the debate over the best organisational arrangements with which to safeguard Australia\u27s sovereign interests at sea thus have become a most pressing national interest. The confluence of the events of 2001, a heightened public awareness of, and concern with, border protection issues and the ongoing evolution of our national policy and legal frameworks for the protection of the offshore estate, influenced the Centre for Maritime Policy to hold a conference on this most important issue of public policy. The conference, Protecting Australia\u27s Maritime Borders, was held in Canberra on 20 March 2001. This volume is a product of that conference, including all the papers that were presented on the day, an expanded conclusion and two extra chapters: the first, by Mitchell Evans, who was unable to make \u27\u3e the trip to Canberra from Norfolk Island at the last moment, on the perspective of the Offshore Territories; and the second, by Bruce McLennan, based on research undertaken as part of his studies in the Centre\u27s Masters degree programme in Maritime Studies. The aim of the book (and preceding conference) is to address the issue of maritime border protection in a holistic fashion, from the perspective of how maritime border protection works as a system, thus avoiding a sectoral, specific interest-based approach. The prevalence of border protection issues in the mass media, often covered in a sensationalised and politicised manner, has probably hindered rather than assisted the national debate. Maritime border protection is too important an issue for the future of Australia\u27s security to be left to such unruly examination. The Centre for Maritime Policy thus was prompted to promote the production of this more considered set of analyses in the wake of the hype resulting from the voyage of the MV Tampa. We should be clear, however, that the book is not about seaborne asylum seekers, specifically, or immigration, more generally. Nor does the Centre itself advocate any particular organisational design for the surveillance of, and enforcement within, Australia\u27s maritime jurisdiction. Rather, the book is intended to provide a more reasoned forum for the discussion of those maritime border protection arrangements. The result, we hope, has been to collect a range of expert opinions, which will help to advance the debate on maritime border protection in Australia. It is important that we acknowledge the assistance of those who have made this book possible, particularly given that the entire project was undertaken at quite short notice. Firstly, we are grateful to ail paper presenters, session chairs and authors, who have been most supportive by supplying written papers in good time. We appreciate, in particular, the contributions of Derek Woolner, who was willing to replace another conference speaker at short notice and whose thoughtful and knowledgeable chapter has added much value to the contents of this volume; and Ray Funneii, who agreed at extremely short notice to make time in his busy schedule to open the conference, and provide the Foreword to the book. We must also thank the Royal Australian Navy for their support and participation in what was, politically, a difficult time for the Australian Defence Force, in general, and the Navy, in particular. The positive response to Navy participation is proof, however, of the benefits of the continued engagement of the three services (and Defence generaiiy) with such professional forums as the one held in Canberra in March 2002. Specificaiiy, we thank Commodore Warwick Gately, Captain Peter Jones, Captain Peter Leschen, Lieutenant Commander Cameron Moore, Dr David Stevens in his role at the time as Acting Director of the Navy\u27s Sea Power Centre and, since taking over that Director\u27s job, Captain Richard Menhinick. As usual, little gets done at the Centre for Maritime Policy without the assistance of Myree Mitcheii, who was involved in organising and running the conference, and putting the book together in its final stages. The Centre\u27s Visiting Naval Feiiow, Commander Barry Snushall, helped with liaison with the Sea Power Centre and at the conference, and Vina Ram-Bidesi also assisted on the day of the conference

Accounting in new public management (NPM) and shifting organizational boundaries: Evidence from the Greek Show Caves

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how accounting is implicated in the creation and maintenance of organizational boundaries. The analysis focuses on organizations subjected to conflicting objectives as a result of new public management (NPM) reforms. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on case studies of four cultural organizations (Show Caves) in Greece. Data are collected from semi-structured interviews, informal discussions and document analysis. The paper draws on Bourdieu’s concepts of “field”, “capital” and “habitus” and Llewellyn’s analysis of organizational boundary maintenance. Findings – The study observes that NPM reforms contributed to shifting organizational boundaries – from cultural/archaeological to economic/financial and this resulted in conflicting organizational objectives. This subsequently created conflicts between key actors (municipal politicians, professional managers and anthropologists). These actors, depending on the positions (and habitus) they occupy, and the capital (political, cultural and symbolic) they hold, are able to bargain for resources (economic capital). The conflicting objectives (archaeological/cultural/historical, political and commercial) that emerged and the tensions that arose between the key players shaped the identities and boundaries of the Show Caves. Originality/value – The study makes an original contribution by revealing the complexity and struggle between actors and the role of accounting in managing the boundaries. For example, the study explains how financial threshold and accountability structures function within these cultural organizations that are subjected to conflicting objectives in the context of NPM reforms

Doing critical management accounting research in emerging economies

The paper introduces methodological and theoretical premises of critical management accounting research and provides some guidance for researchers. We see critical management accounting research in terms of three overlapping and interrelated ‘analytical acts’ that researchers often perform: contextualising, historicising and theorising. To contextualise, researchers need to establish connections between local, everyday management accounting occurrences and changes taking place in the wider socio-political and cultural spheres. Historicising relates micro-histories to macro-histories. Thus, critical researchers need to locate management accounting technologies in historically-specific social and political contexts, and understand their emergence and reproduction as outcomes of the evolution of political-economic systems. Given the empirical findings are often site-specific and idiosyncratic in critical research, theorisation is important. Although they may be quite interesting in their peculiarity, especially to the local readership in those countries, these findings need to be made interesting for wider consumption. Theorising, in this sense, is a critical act signifying local occurrences by raising and placing them in a higher-order schema of meaning

A Study on the Market Potential of Biomass-Based Micro Gas Turbines in SubSaharan Africa

Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th Int. Conf. on Applied Energy (ICAE2021).Biomass can be used as an alternative fuel in micro gas turbines to produce electricity, heat and/ or cooling. This is an affordable carbon-neutral renewable energy source which is widely available in most African countries. In this project the main aim is to gather information and data to evaluate the feasibility and the market potential of this technology in three sub-Saharan African countries. This includes data about the energy market, information on feedstock availability in different regions, statistics on the electricity grid, the demand profiles of different consumers, as well as insight on the national policies and regulation. The information is used to help understand the needs of the energy market in the partner countries and the potential of the proposed technology.Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF), provided by Research England

Evaluation of the Pacific oceanscape to manage the Pacific Islands and ocean environment

The forty-first meeting of Pacific Island Forum (PIF) in Port Vila, Vanuatu in August 2010 endorsed the new concept of \u27Pacific Oceanscape\u27 to support development, management and conservation of the Pacific Islands region. The leaders also encouraged all Pacific Islands regional organisations to implement the concept in partnership with other relevant organisations. The Pacific Oceanscape concept is a renewed effort to implement the Pacific [slands Regional Oceans Policy (PIROP). [t reflects all PIROP principles and aligns them with urgencies associated with climate change impacts on small island developing states. It also promotes regional cooperation in the establishment and management of large-scale marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs are expected to minimise imminent threats to the marine environment and optimise opportunities for scientific studies and monitoring. Threats are minimised because large MPAs increase the resilience of the ecosystems and therefore protect associated conservational values for Pacific Islanders. Some challenges anticipated in implementing the Pacific Oceanscape relate to timeframe, funding integrity and sustain ability, harmonisation mechanisms within the existing national and regional institutions and programs and compliance and enforcement

Australia and the Convention for the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (CRAMRA)

Australia, a leading Antarctic state that played a key role in negotiating the Convention for the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities, in May 1989 announced its opposition to the Convention and adoption instead of a World Park or Wilderness Reserve concept for Antarctica. This article examines possible environmental and economic reasons for Australia\u27s attitude, which is likely to have significant implications for the future of the Convention and for the Antarctic Treaty System as a whole. -Author

Fisheries subsidies, the WTO and the Pacific Island tuna fisheries

Focuses on fisheries trade, regulated under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures outside the World Trade Organization agreement. Suggests much stricter discipline is needed for the sector, led by the environmental interest, the USA and New Zealand. Relates fish stock depletion to subsides, which are not quantifiable, in order to create a free market and efficient producers. Points out that technology and high incomes created the fish stock depletion, so subsidies are irrelevant; while all World Trade Organization members subsidize fisheries, none can be found to attack it. Proposes new World Trade Organization disciplines for licensing, training and compensating fishermen, reducing effort and increasing fees, and for discouraging overfishing by foreign fleets. Concludes that new agreements should protect Pacific islands wishing to gain from their tuna stocks while protecting fish stocks