5 research outputs found
Achieving Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Early Childhood Education Through Critical Reflection in Transformative Learning
The central role of education in creating a more sustainable future has been already recognized by educators and policy-makers alike. This chapter argues that this can only be truly achieved through the efforts of teachers in implementing an “education of a different kind,” a general educational shift that seeks to encompass a converging transformation of the priorities and mindsets of education professionals. In this regard, the professional preparation of teachers, as the leading actors in shaping children’s learning processes, and their continuous professional development are vital considerations for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) to be successfully achieved. Linking transformative learning and ESD has emerged as a distinct and useful pedagogy because they both support the process of critically examining habits of mind, then revising these habits and acting upon the revised point of view. This study aims to describe and evaluate the potential of transformative learning in innovating mainstream education toward sustainability by focusing on the role of critical reflection in a capacity building research project realized in Turkey. The data was gathered from 24 early childhood educators using a mixed-method research design involving learning diaries, a learning activities survey, and follow-up interviews. This chapter identified content, context, and application method of the in-service training as factors that have contributed to the reflective practices of the participants. In addition, presenting the implications regarding the individual differences in how learners engage in critical reflection practices, this research offers a framework for a content- and process-based approach derived from Mezirow’s conception of critical reflection
Thrombin-receptor antagonist vorapaxar in acute coronary syndromes
BACKGROUND
Vorapaxar is a new oral protease-activated–receptor 1 (PAR-1) antagonist that inhibits
thrombin-induced platelet activation.
METHODS
In this multinational, double-blind, randomized trial, we compared vorapaxar with
placebo in 12,944 patients who had acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment
elevation. The primary end point was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes,
myocardial infarction, stroke, recurrent ischemia with rehospitalization, or urgent
coronary revascularization.
RESULTS
Follow-up in the trial was terminated early after a safety review. After a median follow-up
of 502 days (interquartile range, 349 to 667), the primary end point occurred in 1031
of 6473 patients receiving vorapaxar versus 1102 of 6471 patients receiving placebo
(Kaplan–Meier 2-year rate, 18.5% vs. 19.9%; hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval
[CI], 0.85 to 1.01; P = 0.07). A composite of death from cardiovascular causes,
myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 822 patients in the vorapaxar group
versus 910 in the placebo group (14.7% and 16.4%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.89;
95% CI, 0.81 to 0.98; P = 0.02). Rates of moderate and severe bleeding were 7.2% in the
vorapaxar group and 5.2% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.58;
P<0.001). Intracranial hemorrhage rates were 1.1% and 0.2%, respectively (hazard
ratio, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.78 to 6.45; P<0.001). Rates of nonhemorrhagic adverse events
were similar in the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with acute coronary syndromes, the addition of vorapaxar to standard
therapy did not significantly reduce the primary composite end point but significantly
increased the risk of major bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage