COVALENT CONJUGATION OF ANTIBODY AND GOLD NANOPARTICLE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL FLOW IMMUNOASSAY TEST STRIP

Nanotechnology is one of the fastest growing technologies in this era. Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) based immunoassays have been performed on the basis of antigen-antibody interaction using AuNP antibody conjugates. Lateral flow immunoassays(LFA) which are also based on AuNP antibody conjugates are useful innovation in nanotechnology and widely applied in medicine and research fields. However, there are some limitations of the present LFA kits such as sensitivity and stability. In the study, we showed the result of covalent conjugation of anti-rotavirus antibody and AuNP for generating a lateral flow immunoassay strip to detect rotavirus in fecal samples. The suitable conditions for coating polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the surface of AuNP were 10.0 mM PEG for 3 hours at room temperature (25 oC). Optimized conditions for covalent conjugation of antibody and AuNP were pH 4.0, 0.1 mg antibody/conjugate, 0.01 mM reactant EDC/NHS [1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/(N-hydroxy sulfosuccinimide]. The coupling reaction was carried out at room temperature for 90 min. The conjugate pad, antibody immobilized nitrocellulose membrane strip were created with investigated conditions for generating an LFA test strip. The limit of detection of LFA test strip was determined by 1.6 × 105 virus particles/ml, three times lower than that of Rotaclone kit (UK). The generated strip could be used to detect rotavirus in fecal sample of patient.

A Novel Explainable Artificial Intelligence Model in Image Classification problem

In recent years, artificial intelligence is increasingly being applied widely in many different fields and has a profound and direct impact on human life. Following this is the need to understand the principles of the model making predictions. Since most of the current high-precision models are black boxes, neither the AI scientist nor the end-user deeply understands what's going on inside these models. Therefore, many algorithms are studied for the purpose of explaining AI models, especially those in the problem of image classification in the field of computer vision such as LIME, CAM, GradCAM. However, these algorithms still have limitations such as LIME's long execution time and CAM's confusing interpretation of concreteness and clarity. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new method called Segmentation - Class Activation Mapping (SeCAM) that combines the advantages of these algorithms above, while at the same time overcoming their disadvantages. We tested this algorithm with various models, including ResNet50, Inception-v3, VGG16 from ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) data set. Outstanding results when the algorithm has met all the requirements for a specific explanation in a remarkably concise time.Comment: Published in the Proceedings of FAIC 202

EXTRACTION AND PROPERTY STUDIES OF COENZYME Q10 FROM RECOMBINANT AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS

In this report, some results of extraction and characterization of CoQ10 from recombinant A. tumefaciens are presented. Four different cell breaking methods (sonication, acidic treatment, ethanol treatment, and enzymatic lysis) in combination with the extracting steps were carried out to extract CoQ10 and the results showed that ethanol treatment was the most efficient method. Appropriate conditions for CoQ10 extraction were 25 oC, 24 hours incubation and ethanol solvent/biomass ratio of 10:1 (ml/g). Characterization of extracted CoQ10 showed that CoQ10 was sensitive to light, but stable in the temperature ranges of 4 – 60 oC and the pH range of 6.0 – 9.0. Obtained results in present study should be applied in the large scale for CoQ10 extraction, providing the CoQ10 product for testing production of functional foods

Oil Production from Yarrowia lipolytica Po1g Using Rice Bran Hydrolysate

The purpose of this study was to produce microbial oil from Yarrowia lipolytica Po1g grown in defatted rice bran hydrolysate. After removing oil from rice bran by Soxhlet extraction, the bran is subjected to acid hydrolysis with various sulfuric acid concentrations (1–4% v/v), reaction times (1–8 h), and reaction temperatures (60–120°C). The optimal conditions for maximum total sugar production from the hydrolysate were found to be 3% sulfuric acid at 90°C for 6 h. Glucose was the predominant sugar (43.20 ± 0.28 g/L) followed by xylose (4.93 ± 0.03 g/L) and arabinose (2.09 ± 0.01 g/L). The hydrolysate was subsequently detoxified by neutralization to reduce the amount of inhibitors such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural to increase its potential as a medium for culturing Y. lipolytica Po1g. Dry cell mass and lipid content of Y. lipolytica Po1g grown in detoxified defatted rice bran hydrolysate (DRBH) under optimum conditions were 10.75 g/L and 48.02%, respectively

An Experimental Investigation of Part-Of-Speech Taggers for Vietnamese

Part-of-speech (POS) tagging plays an important role in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Its applications can be found in many NLP tasks such as named entity recognition, syntactic parsing, dependency parsing and text chunking. In the investigation conducted in this paper, we utilize the technologies of two widely-used toolkits, ClearNLP and Stanford POS Tagger, as well as develop two new POS taggers for Vietnamese, then compare them to three well-known Vietnamese taggers, namely JVnTagger, vnTagger and RDRPOSTagger. We make a systematic comparison to find out the tagger having the best performance. We also design a new feature set to measure the performance of the statistical taggers. Our new taggers built from Stanford Tagger and ClearNLP with the new feature set can outperform all other current Vietnamese taggers in term of tagging accuracy. Moreover, we also analyze the affection of some features to the performance of statistical taggers. Lastly, the experimental results also reveal that the transformation-based tagger, RDRPOSTagger, can run significantly faster than any other statistical tagger

Application of Fuzzy Moving Sliding Surface Approach for Container Cranes

In this paper, we consider the fuzzy moving sliding surface anti-sway control problem for container cranes. We first introduce the dynamic model of container cranes. Then, we develop the coupled sliding surface which ensures the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. Based on the proposed sliding surface, we propose the continuous sliding mode control law which guarantees the reachability of the sliding variable to zero in finite time. Hence, the proposed controller first guarantees the finite-time convergence to the sliding surface and then achieves the stability of the closed-loop system in the predefined sliding surface. Besides, in order to obtain the effective gains for the proposed sliding variable, the fuzzy logic system is employed. To illustrate the efficiency of the proposed control law, simulation results are provided

EFFICIENT CONJUGATION OF AFLATOXIN B1 WITH BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN APPLYING FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AFLATOXIN B1 QUICK TEST

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites mostly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and found in agricultural foodstuff such as maize grains, peanuts, animal feeds,... These are toxic and cancerous agents for humans and animals. Among them, aflatoxin B1 is the most consideration due to its highest toxicity and presence in samples. Several methods were developed to detect aflatoxin in food, feed and other foodstuffs such as chromatographic methods (TLC, HPTLC, HPLC), LC-MS/MS, FTIR, RIA, ELISA, SPR, electrochemical, and immunodipstick. Among them only immunodipstick method is compatible for field usage. Therefore, aim of the present study is to determine optimal condition for conjugation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to develop a lateral flow immunoassay test strip for detection of aflatoxin B1. Optimal conditions for generating mediate compound of aflatoxin B1 – CMO was investigated: AFB1:CMO ratio of 1:2, reflux temperature of 100oC for 2 hours. Concentration of aflatoxin B1 in reaction was 0.27 µg/µl. Conjugation of AFB1 with CMO was confirmed by thin layer chromatography, HPLC and FT-IR methods. Furthermore, optimal conditions for conjugation of mediate AFB1-CMO derivative with BSA were also investigated. Ratio of AFB1-CMO with BSA was determined as 40:1 and equal to predicted theoretical ratio. Efficient conjugation conditions were 25oC for 2 hours in bicarbonate buffer pH 9.5. Generated conjugate of AFB1-BSA was successfully applied to construct a lateral flow immunoassay test strip for detection of aflatoxin B

Isolation and characterization of protein isolated from defatted cashew nut shell: Influence of pH and NaCl on solubility and functional properties

This work reports the isolation of protein from defatted cashew nut shell (CNS), with the crude protein product containing 91.07% protein. Under its natural conditions, the solubility of this protein isolate is comparable (74.02%) to that of mustard green meal protein. The solubility of the protein isolate decreases with decreasing pH, with the minimum solubility observed at its isoelectric point (pH 3). The water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, foaming capacity, foam stability, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability were found to be 2.56 cm3 H2O/g protein, 4.28 cm3 oil/g protein, 76.88%, 70.98%, 62.0% and 79.0%,respectively. The profiles of these functional properties were determined with varying pH values and NaCl concentrations, and improved properties were observed in the alkaline pH range and in the presence of NaCl. Electrophoretic analysis showed that the high molecular weight protein globulin was the major protein in the protein isolate

Viral myocarditis induced by Coxsackievirus B3 in A.BY/SnJ mice: analysis of changes in the myocardial proteome

Enteroviral myocarditis displays highly diverse clinical phenotypes ranging from mild dyspnoea or chest pain to cardiogenic shock and death. Despite detailed studies of the virus life cycle in vitro and in vivo, the molecular interplay between host and virus in disease progression is largely unresolved. Murine models of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis well mimic the human disease patterns and can thus be explored to study mechanisms leading from acute to chronic myocarditis. Here, we present a 2-D gel-based proteomic survey of the changes in the murine cardiac proteome that occurs following infection with CVB3. In total, 136 distinct proteins were affected. Proteins, which are involved in immunity and defense and protein metabolism/modification displayed pronounced changes in intensity not only during acute but also at later stages of CVB3 myocarditis. Proteins involved in maintenance of cell structure and associated proteins were particularly influenced in the acute phase of myocarditis, whereas reduction of levels of metabolic enzymes was observed in chronic myocarditis. Studies about changes in protein intensities were complemented by an analysis of protein phosphorylation that revealed infection-associated changes in the phosphorylation of myosin binding protein C, atrial and ventricular isoforms of myosin regulatory light chain 2, desmin, and Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta-2