Rendements d’utilisation et consommation d’énergie au Québec

The concept of useful energy consumption has been used by some authors by weighting observed energy consumptions. It is argued in this paper that the weights should not be the regression parameter estimates of the GNP on various forms of energy consumptions as they are now, but they should be the mechanical use efficiency of each energy form. A number of functional forms of the GNP are then obtained, all very good from the econometric viewpoint. Finally, it is pointed out that the rate of substitution between different forms of energy does depend on the functional form of the GN

Rendements d’utilisation et consommation d’énergie au Québec

The concept of useful energy consumption has been used by some authors by weighting observed energy consumptions. It is argued in this paper that the weights should not be the regression parameter estimates of the GNP on various forms of energy consumptions as they are now, but they should be the mechanical use efficiency of each energy form. A number of functional forms of the GNP are then obtained, all very good from the econometric viewpoint. Finally, it is pointed out that the rate of substitution between different forms of energy does depend on the functional form of the GNP

First record of Cantharellus minor from Vietnam with identification support from a combination of nrLSU and nrSSU phylogenetic analysis

Background: A previously identified sample XC02, which was collected from a pine forest (Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon), in Xuan Tho Commune, Da Lat, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam, was identified as Cantharellus minor based on morphology and nrLSU phylogeny analysis. Sequence analysis of multiple genes are becoming more and more common for phylogenetic analysis of mushrooms.Method: Total DNA was isolated from sample XC02. The primer NS1, NS4 were applied to amplify the target gene the nuclear ribosomal small subunit DNA (nrSSU). For phylogenetic analysis, individual and concatenated datasets (nrSSU and nrLSU-nrSSU) were constructed. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with MEGA 6.0 with a 1000 replicate bootstrap based on the neighbor joining, maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony method.  Results: A concatenated dataset containing a total of 14 sequences from Cantharellus, Craterellus (Cantharellaceae, Canthraellales) and Hydnum (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales) were constructed. For the specimen XC02, the phylogenies based on the first, second, and third datasets (nrLSU, nrSSU, and nrLSU-nrSSU) and the morphological analysis, reported in our previous study, strongly confirmed the identity of XC02 as Cantharellus minor.Conclusion: The combination between the morphological analysis and phylogenetic analysis is confirmed as the best approach for the identification of Cantharellus and other mushroom species that we collected in the Central Highlands, Vietnam.Keywords: nrLSU; Cantharellus, Cantharellus minor; nrSSU; nrLSU; phylogeny analysis; Vietna

Mini review: Micro RNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive and malignant tumor of the nasopharynx, the uppermost region of the pharynx, gravitating toward Southeast Asia, especially Vietnam. The etiology of NPC is suggested to be involved to several genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. miRNAs (microRNA), the short non-coding RNA molecular, have been reported that played important roles, as oncogene and/or tumor suppressor gene, in progression and development of NPC. In this review, we summarized the role of miRNAs in NPC and their potential use as biomarkers for early prognosis and diagnosis of NPC as well as therapeutic agent of NPC in future

Discorvery of Entomopathogenic fungi Cordyceps takaomontana at Langbian Mountain, Lam Dong, Vietnam

The stromata of Cordyceps takaomontana Y. Kobayashi (1941) were found on the Langbian Mountain, Da Lat, Vietnam at the height of 1.650 meter above sea level, on the larva of Lepidoptera. Stromata were lemon-yellow, clavate to enlongated clavate, arising from a white pseudosclerotium. The fertile head was on the top part of stromata, darker colored in comparison to the stipe. Perithecium was narrowly ovoid, superficial and forming dark yellow punctate on the surface of stromata. Ascus was cylindrical with semi-spherical cap. Ascospores were cylindrical, truncated and separately after discharge from the ascus. Pure culture was isolated on Potato Glucose Agar (PGA) medium: white colony in young and yellow in old. The isolated mycelium was not homogenous in thickness and in growth rate at the peripheral area. Conidiophores were phialide, tapering to both apexes. Conidia had elliptical shape and formed into chains after maturation. DNA was isolated, then purified from pure mycelium and used to amplifying the nrLSU (nuclear ribosomal large subunit) and rpb1 (RNA polymerase II largest subunit) genes. The amplified products were used for sequencing, proof-reading by some professional softwares before combining with other nrLSU and rpb1 sequences. Then this database was used to search for the suitable evolution model as well as to construct the phylogenetic trees. The results of phylogenetic analysis completely supported the morphological classification: DL0038A and DL0038B were Cordyceps takaomontana Y. Kobayashi (1941)

Construction of a dataset for the gene nrLSU to support the identification of cantharellus at Langbian Mountain, Lam Dong

Fungal species of Cantharellales order are found worldwide including Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America. This clade includes two smaller, separate, but closely related genera Cantharellus and Craterellus. Cantharellus was firstly identified in the middle of the 17th century. Besides traditional classification based on morphology, molecular phylogeny of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit gene (nrLSU) can be an effective tool to provide more information during species identification for this group. In this current report, a dataset of the nrLSU gene including 60 sequences of Cantharellus species and 1 sequence belonging to Craterellus (outgroup), was obtained from Genbank. Phylogenetic analyses by MEGA 6.0 showed a monophyletic relationship between the six well-established clades, namely Cantharellus (Clade 1), Rubrinus (Clade 2), Cinnabarinus (Clade 3), Parvocantharellus (Clade 4), Pseudocantharellus (Clade 5) and subgenus Afrocantharellus (Clade 6) similar to that of morphological classification. Therefore, this dataset is efficient to support the identification of the fungal samples, collected at the Langbian Mountain, Lam Dong