Muscle fiber cross sectional area.

<p>Individual values (dotted lines) and mean values (solid lines) before (Pre) and after (Post) the intervention period for athletes adding strength training to their normal endurance training (<i>E+S</i>, left panel) and athletes performing normal endurance training only (<i>E</i>, right panel). Muscle fiber cross sectional area (CSA) for both type I muscle fibers and type II muscle fibers * Different from pre (p ˂ 0.05)</p

Stiffness, Young’s modulus and mean cross section area (CSA) of the patellar tendon.

<p>Stiffness, Young’s modulus and mean cross section area (CSA) of the patellar tendon.</p

Data from the maximal oxygen consumption test.

<p>Data from the maximal oxygen consumption test.</p

Capillarization.

<p>Individual values (open symbols) and mean values (solid squares) for athletes adding strength training to their normal endurance training (<i>E+S</i>) and athletes performing normal endurance training only (<i>E</i>). a: Percent change in capillaries around each muscle fiber (CAF) for both muscle fiber type I and muscle fiber type II for <i>E+S</i> and <i>E</i>. b: Percent change in capillaries related to fiber area (CAFA) for both muscle fiber type I and muscle fiber type II for <i>E+S</i> and <i>E</i>.</p

Training loads used during the strength training intervention

<p>Training loads used during the strength training intervention</p

Determinants of running performance and running performance.

<p>Individual values (dotted lines) and mean values (solid lines) before (Pre) and after (Post) the intervention period for athletes adding strength training to their normal endurance training (<i>E+S</i>) and athletes performing normal endurance training only (<i>E</i>). a: Body mass adjusted oxygen consumption at 10 km·h^-1. b: Running velocity at 3.5 mmol∙L^-1 [la^-] calculated during the blood lactate profile test. c: The fractional utilization of VO_2max during the 40 min all-out test. d: Running distance during the 40 min all-out test. * Different from pre (p ˂ 0.05).</p

Additional file 2: of Gene expression is differentially regulated in skeletal muscle and circulating immune cells in response to an acute bout of high-load strength exercise

mRNA expression levels in skeletal muscle and PBMCs of young and older subjects. Baseline and after exercise (post exercise) values, expressed as 2−ΔCt.. (DOCX 40 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Native whey protein with high levels of leucine results in similar post-exercise muscular anabolic responses as regular whey protein: a randomized controlled trial

Blood concentrations of essential amino acids (except leucine) following intake of 20 g milk protein, WPC-80 and native whey after a bout of resistance exercise. Arrows indicate time points of protein supplement ingestion. Values are mean ± SD (only shown for highest and lowest values). n = 12 in the milk group and 10 in the WPC-80 and native whey group. Black symbols are significantly different from resting values. # native whey greater than milk at the same time point; $ WPC-80 greater than milk at the corresponding time point; & native whey greater than WPC-80 at the corresponding point, p < 0.05. (TIFF 989 kb

Additional file 4: Figure S4. of Native whey protein with high levels of leucine results in similar post-exercise muscular anabolic responses as regular whey protein: a randomized controlled trial

[2H5]phenylalanine tracer to tracee ratio in plasma. Values are mean ± SD (only shown for highest and lowest values). n = 10 and 10 in the milk and native whey group, respectively. Filled symbols are significantly different from baseline, p < 0.05. (TIFF 190 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Native whey protein with high levels of leucine results in similar post-exercise muscular anabolic responses as regular whey protein: a randomized controlled trial

Blood concentrations of non-essential amino acids following intake of 20 g milk protein, WPC-80 and native whey after a bout of resistance exercise. Arrows indicate time points of protein supplement ingestion. Values are mean ± SD (only shown for highest and lowest values). n = 12 in the milk group and 10 in the WPC-80 and native whey group. Black symbols are significantly different from resting values. # native whey greater than milk at the same time point; $ WPC-80 greater than milk at the corresponding time point, p < 0.05. (TIFF 936 kb