Vascular cognitive impairment in the mouse reshapes visual, spatial network functional connectivity

Connectome analysis of neuroimaging data is a rapidly expanding field to identify disease specific biomarkers. Structural diffusion MRI connectivity has been useful in individuals with radiological features of small vessel disease, such as white matter hyperintensities. Global efficiency, a network metric calculated from the structural connectome, is an excellent predictor of cognitive decline. To dissect the biological underpinning of these changes, animal models are required. We tested whether the structural connectome is altered in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment. White matter damage was more pronounced by 6 compared to 3 months. Global efficiency remained intact, but the visual association cortex exhibited increased structural connectivity with other brain regions. Exploratory resting state functional MRI connectivity analysis revealed diminished default mode network activity in the model compared to shams. Further perturbations were observed in a primarily cortical hub and the retrosplenial and visual cortices, and the hippocampus were the most affected nodes. Behavioural deficits were observed in the cued water maze, supporting the suggestion that the visual and spatial memory networks are affected. We demonstrate specific circuitry is rendered vulnerable to vascular stress in the mouse, and the model will be useful to examine pathophysiological mechanisms of small vessel disease

The soteriology of the early English Reformers 1525-1556

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Goaf frictional ignition and its control measures in underground coal mines

Goaf Frictional Ignition (GFI) poses a serious threat to the safety of underground coal mines, and has caused many underground fires and catastrophic explosions. This paper examined occurrences of GFI incidents and the underlying mechanisms of ignition source and environment. Most of these incidents were attributed to rock on rock frictional ignition. The eventuation of frictional ignition relies on the presence of hot spots with enough incendive ignition energy, which requires a minimum threshold sliding distance and sliding velocity. The incendivity of the environment can be enhanced by the presence of liquid carbon hydrogen, the increase of virgin rock temperature, and the presence of hydrocarbon gases from thermal decomposition product of coal volatile. The paper discussed the newly proposed concerns on the varying incendivity of environment; finally it summarized the GFI engineering controls and discussed their applicability