Methods of providing combined action of concrete and metal rolled stock in reinforced concrete constructions with rigid armoring

The author studies pilot research works into combined action of concrete and metal profiles in reinforced concrete constructions with rigid armoring carried out by scholars from both near and far foreign countries. The main methods of providing co-action of the two materials in the compression elements are outlined through the example of columns and flexural elements through the example of a T-beam. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methods are analysed

Design of bending concrete elements with rigid reinforcement

The article considers the main points of the construction of bent reinforced-concrete elements with rigid reinforcement in the form of metal-profile double-T or T-section paired. The possible application methods the rigid reinforcement in conjunction with flexible rods, whose task is to eliminate the possibility of spalling (flaking) of concrete from metal rolling profiles. The methods provide concrete collaboration and metal-rolling profile by means of the use of short stacks from the corner, as well as ensuring the anchorage all rolled sections in the body structure by the use of channel-short stacks at the ends of the profiles

Design of bending concrete elements with rigid reinforcement

The article considers the main points of the construction of bent reinforced-concrete elements with rigid reinforcement in the form of metal-profile double-T or T-section paired. The possible application methods the rigid reinforcement in conjunction with flexible rods, whose task is to eliminate the possibility of spalling (flaking) of concrete from metal rolling profiles. The methods provide concrete collaboration and metal-rolling profile by means of the use of short stacks from the corner, as well as ensuring the anchorage all rolled sections in the body structure by the use of channel-short stacks at the ends of the profiles

Strengthening of foundation by building-up with rigid reinforcing

This article treats methods of strengthening of strip foundations by increasing the base of foundation. Structural concepts providing joint work of elements of existing foundations and concrete building-up are analyzed. It’s shown that reinforcement of gripper-arm interface by rolled profiles allows more stringent and more reliable interfacing of new and old elements of foundation. Construction diagrams of installation of metalrolling profiles in reinforced foundation are shown. Technology of strengthening of foundation by building-up with the use of rigid rebars is described

Strengthening of foundation by building-up with rigid reinforcing

This article treats methods of strengthening of strip foundations by increasing the base of foundation. Structural concepts providing joint work of elements of existing foundations and concrete building-up are analyzed. It’s shown that reinforcement of gripper-arm interface by rolled profiles allows more stringent and more reliable interfacing of new and old elements of foundation. Construction diagrams of installation of metalrolling profiles in reinforced foundation are shown. Technology of strengthening of foundation by building-up with the use of rigid rebars is described

Rigid reinforcement efficiency in strengthening of strip foundations

The article focuses on the main advantages of rigid reinforcement in the strengthening of strip foundations. The analysis of constructive solutions providing the collaboration of existing foundation elements and those of the reinforcement is done. The main results of research work on the bearing capacity of foundation piling of reinforcement foundation by rigid reinforcement are presented

Rietveld refinement of langbeinite-type K2YHf(PO4)3

Potassium yttrium hafnium tris­(orthophosphate) belongs to the langbeinite-family and is built up from [MO6] octa­hedra [in which the positions of the two independent M sites are mutually occupied by Y and Hf in a 0.605 (10):0.395 (10) ratio] and [PO4] tetra­hedra connected via vertices into a three-dimensional framework. This framework is penetrated by large closed cavities in which the two independent K atoms are located; one of the K atoms is nine-coordinated and the other is 12-coordinated by surrounding O atoms. The K, Y and Hf atoms lie on threefold rotation axes, whereas the P and O atoms are located in general positions

Al0.5Nb1.5(PO4)3

Single crystals of the title compound, aluminium niobium triphosphate, Al0.5Nb1.5(PO4)3, have been synthesized by a high-temperature reaction in a platinium crucible. The AlIII and NbV atoms occupy the same site on the axis, with disorder in the ratio of 1:3. The fundamental building units of the title structure are isolated Al/NbO6 octa­hedra and PO4 tetra­hedra (. 2 symmetry), which are further inter­locked by corner-sharing O atoms, leading to a three-dimensional framework structure with infinite channels along the a axis