Cardiorespiratory, Sedative and Antinociceptive Effects of a Medetomidine Constant Rate Infusion with Morphine, Ketamine or Both

Standing surgery under sedation reduces anesthetic-related mortality in horses. Medetomidine, alone and combined with morphine in a constant rate infusion (CRI), has been described for standing surgery but their cardiorespiratory, sedative and antinociceptive effects have never been compared. The addition of ketamine could improve analgesia in these procedures with minimal cardiorespiratory consequences. The objectives were to compare the cardiorespiratory effects, quality of sedation, antinociception and ataxia produced by administration of a medetomidine-based CRI with morphine, ketamine or both, in standing horses. A prospective, blind, randomized crossover, experimental design with six healthy adult horses was performed, in which four treatments were administered to all horses with at least two weeks of washout period: medetomidine (M); medetomidine and ketamine (MK); medetomidine and morphine (MMo); and medetomidine, morphine and ketamine (MMoK). Dosages were the same in all treatment groups: medetomidine at 5 µg/kg bwt followed by 5 µg/kg bwt/h, ketamine at 0.4 mg/kg/h and morphine at 50 µg/kg bwt, followed by morphine 30 µg/kg bwt/h. Drug infusions were maintained for 120 min. Cardiorespiratory variables, sedation degree and antinociceptive effects were evaluated during the procedure. All combinations produced similar sedation and antinociceptive effects and no clinically relevant alterations in cardiorespiratory variables occurred. Medetomidine CRI combined with morphine, ketamine or both are suitable and safe protocols for standing sedation in horses and the addition of morphine and/or ketamine did not cause any negative effect but no improving effect on sedation and antinociception was detected

Plasma-Ionized Magnesium in Hospitalized Horses with Gastrointestinal Disorders and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Altres ajuts: Nova Biomedical CorporationMagnesium disorders in horses with gastrointestinal disorders or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are scarcely characterized. The purpose of the study was to explore the association of magnesium disorders with diagnosis, SIRS and mortality in horses admitted to a referral equine hospital. In total, 75 sick horses were included in an observational prospective study and classified as: obstructive (n = 17), inflammatory (n = 10) and ischemic gastrointestinal disorders (n = 12), and other non-gastrointestinal systemic disorders (n = 36). All sick horses were also divided according to the presence (n = 26) or absence of SIRS, and survival to discharge from hospital (survivors (n = 61) and non-survivors (n = 14). In addition, 26 horses were included as controls. On admission, mean (iMg) (95% confidence interval (CI)) in the SIRS group (0.47 (0.43-0.50 mmol/L)) was within the normal range (0.4-0.6 mmol/L). The obstructive group had lower (iMg) compared to the control group (0.44 (0.38-0.51 mmol/L) vs. 0.56 (0.50-0.61 mmol/L); p = 0.001). In total, 8 out of 17 (47%) horses with obstructive lesions presented with hypomagnesemia compared to controls (4% (1/26)) (p = 0.001). In conclusion, hypomagnesemia was more prevalent on admission in horses in the obstructive group, and to a lesser extent, in the inflammatory and ischemic groups. In contrast to human ICU patients, the proportion of hospitalized horses with hypomagnesemia was not associated with mortality

Atlas QR de procedimientos básicos en clínica hospitalaria equina

Los códigos QR se utilizan actualmente como herramienta docente de gran utilidad ya que permiten al alumno emplear las nuevas tecnologías para el aprendizaje. Con este proyecto pretendemos acercar la actividad clínica equina al alumno de veterinaria

Efectos cardiorrespiratorios, sedantes y antinociceptivos de la administración en infusión continua de medetomidina combinada con morfina, ketamina o ambos en caballos

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 09-05-2022La anestesia general inhalatoria en caballos produce depresión del sistema cardiorrespiratorio que junto con el manejo perianestésico característico de esta especie (inducción y recuperación) puede causar complicaciones como parada cardiorrespiratoria, fracturas o miopatías que terminen con la muerte o sacrificio del paciente (Bidwell et al., 2007; Johnston et al., 2002; Johnston, 2005;Senior, 2013). La mortalidad anestésica en équidos es muy superior a la descrita en humana o en pequeños animales, situándose en 0,6% en anestesia no relacionadas con cólico (Brodbelt, 2009;Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2021).La realización de procedimientos diagnósticos y quirúrgicos en estación mediante sedación profunda permite reducir el riesgo asociado a la anestesia general (Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2021;Toppen et al., 2017). Estos procedimientos pueden realizarse mediante la administración de fármacos sedantes y analgésicos que se combinan con técnicas de anestesia y analgesia locorregional (Michou & Leece, 2012a, 2012b). Estas combinaciones deben proveer una sedación e inmovilización del paciente adecuados y una potente analgesia perioperatoria con un grado mínimo de ataxia y de depresión cardiorrespiratoria...General anesthesia in horses produces depression of the cardiorespiratory system that together with the perianesthetic management characteristic of this species (induction and recovery) can cause complications such as cardiorespiratory arrest, fractures or myopathies that can lead to death or sacrifice of the patient (Bidwell et al., 2007; Johnston et al., 2002; Johnston, 2005;Senior, 2013). The anesthetic mortality in equidae is much higher than that described in humans or small animals, with a currently incidence of 0.6% in anesthetic procedures not related to colic (Brodbelt, 2009; Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2021). Standing diagnostic and surgical procedures under deep sedation reduces the associated risk with anesthesia (Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2021; Toppen et al., 2017). These procedures can be performed administering sedative and analgesic drugs that are combined with locoregional anesthesia and analgesia techniques (Michou & Leece, 2012a, 2012b). These combinations should provide adequate sedation and immobilization of the patient, potent perioperative analgesia with a minimum degree of ataxia and cardiorespiratory depression...Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEunpu