Letter from W. H. Trout to John Muir, 1906 Sep 13.

Souvenir Postal CardFROM VANCOUVER, B.C.The picture shows but little excepting volcanoes all the great t[illegible]ties of mountain scenery are here it seems like scri[illegible]ge to attempt description or rep[illegible]tation A great wall of rock to the left cloud capped peaks to the right A great glacier in front and an unsurpassed lake at your [illegible] We are making slow progress Must blame my daughter some. She is an enthusastic mountaineer We stayed rather long near Winnipeg among old former friends Hope to be in Seattle the 18th and will be there nearly a week and then 2 days at Portland Next San Francisco yours W. H. TroutMr John MuirMartinezCalifornia0376

Letter from W. H. Trout to [John Muir], 1906 Sep 24.

794 Haight St San fracisco CalSep 24th 1906Dear Friend JohnWe arrived here yesterday forenoon and are now with my cousin Mrs Anna Cotton Everything has gone very well with us excepting my condition I got along with the heat of Winnipeg and the cold of the mountains but as soon as I got into the balmy moist air of the Pacific I began to take cold it was bad Had to lie a bed over half a day on account of it In two or three days I improved and then took on the most annoying and persistent [illegible]es of my life and took another severer cold on top of it so I am here now playing the envalid in sider to recover from both Have not yet made much progress but am hopeful of being better in a few days. Whether I shall compplete my visit in Frisco before going to your home or not I am uncertain At any rate you will hear from me again in a few days My little physical troubles did not hinder us from enjoying our journey most thoroughly particularly as far down as Portland.Hoping soon to see you I remain as ever yours W. H. Trout0376

Investigation of afterburner combustion screech and methods of its control at high combustor pressure levels

Control of high pressure combustion screech in afterburne

An Overview of State Funding for Outdoor Recreation and Tourism in Utah

The state of Utah supports outdoor recreation and tourism through a variety of legislative appropriations, revenue generating mechanisms, taxes, and federal programs that are administered by the state. This review provides an overview of the various programs and funding mechanisms that currently exist within Utah, describes how and to what extent they are funded, outlines how they support outdoor recreation and tourism, and highlights opportunities where the state can strategically capitalize on existing programs

Outdoor Recreation Across the Western United States: A Comparative Analysis Focused on State Agencies, Policies, Programs, and Resources

Outdoor recreation is an invaluable part of the Western lifestyle. State governments in the contiguous western U.S. (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming) are increasing investment in outdoor recreation within their state borders to ensure continued and expanded access to outdoor recreation opportunities and to enhance the outdoor recreation economy in their states. This report provides an objective inventory and comparison of how states across the Western U.S. fund, manage, and support outdoor recreation. Based on findings across the states, we provide recommendations tailored to state legislatures and state government entities regarding how outdoor recreation management may be improved and how additional funding could be generated to support outdoor recreation opportunities. Standard across the western states are the existence of state park agencies, tourism offices, offhighway vehicle programs, and boating programs. Beginning in 2013, Utah opened the first Office of Outdoor Recreation in the nation. Today, seven of the eleven western states have followed Utah’s lead and opened similar offices. However, there appears to be little coordination and collaboration across state entities that manage or support outdoor recreation. Statutory bodies, like Utah’s Outdoor Adventure Commission, are a step in the right direction to provide formal mechanisms for collaboration and ensure efficient use of state resources. Research outside of the context of outdoor recreation suggests these statutory bodies are most successful when they have a formal mandate, discretionary authority to guide certain aspects of their member agencies’ actions, and control over state resources that benefit their member agencies. Collaboration between state entities and federal land management agencies similarly appears to be uncommon, occurring in an ad-hoc manner. Integrating federal agency leadership into statutory bodies that provide formal mechanisms for collaboration would help to align state-led policy and state-funded projects with federal policy and project priorities. Federal partners can serve in ex-officio and non-voting capacities on state commissions to serve this purpose. Previous research suggests building formal mechanisms for collaboration between state entities and federal land management agencies can help align state and federal management priorities in outdoor recreation management. There are notable differences in the manner by which state governments fund outdoor recreation efforts. If there is an additional need for funding for specific programs, states may consider adding userspecific fees. For example, RV registration fees fund a Recreation Vehicle fund in Idaho to develop RV facilities in the state. Similarly, OHV registration and/or sticker fees support off-highway vehicle grants in each of the western states. Other avenues of increasing revenue for state programs include: charging differential entrance fees to state parks for non-residents (Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming), diverting sales tax to support outdoor recreation infrastructure grant programs (Utah), and diverting lottery funds to support outdoor recreation grant programs (Oregon and Washington). The policy and administrative recommendations above are only a few that have broad applicability across the West. There are numerous other recommendations focused on specific state programs and policies throughout the report. While this report is by no means a comprehensive inventory of how the western states fund, manage, and support outdoor recreation, it provides a solid starting point for state governments and legislatures to compare outdoor recreation management in their state with that of other western states and spark discussion of ideas to improve outdoor recreation opportunities

Insights Into the Characteristics of Outdoor Recreationists in Utah From a Statewide Survey

Understanding the characteristics and preferences of outdoor recreationists in Utah can inform the administrative, funding, and management decisions of the many entities who provide outdoor recreation opportunities within the state. There is currently a lack of data on characteristics, preferences, and opinions of the state’s outdoor recreating public. As one component of the analysis supporting the development of the state’s outdoor recreation strategic plan, we launched a short online survey to begin to address this need. The survey was administered in spring of 2023 to an online panel of individuals who indicated that they are current residents of Utah and had participated in outdoor recreation within Utah during the previous 12-months. The data from the survey provide a cursory look into the demographic characteristics of outdoor recreationists in Utah and their perceptions of different threats to the future of outdoor recreation, the importance and adequacy of different types of outdoor recreation infrastructure, and the importance of different funding priorities

Tributes to W. A. Brandenburg

Article tributes from different contributors to Brandenbur

Multigenome DNA sequence conservation identifies Hox cis-regulatory elements

To learn how well ungapped sequence comparisons of multiple species can predict cis-regulatory elements in Caenorhabditis elegans, we made such predictions across the large, complex ceh-13/lin-39 locus and tested them transgenically. We also examined how prediction quality varied with different genomes and parameters in our comparisons. Specifically, we sequenced ∼0.5% of the C. brenneri and C. sp. 3 PS1010 genomes, and compared five Caenorhabditis genomes (C. elegans, C. briggsae, C. brenneri, C. remanei, and C. sp. 3 PS1010) to find regulatory elements in 22.8 kb of noncoding sequence from the ceh-13/lin-39 Hox subcluster. We developed the MUSSA program to find ungapped DNA sequences with N-way transitive conservation, applied it to the ceh-13/lin-39 locus, and transgenically assayed 21 regions with both high and low degrees of conservation. This identified 10 functional regulatory elements whose activities matched known ceh-13/lin-39 expression, with 100% specificity and a 77% recovery rate. One element was so well conserved that a similar mouse Hox cluster sequence recapitulated the native nematode expression pattern when tested in worms. Our findings suggest that ungapped sequence comparisons can predict regulatory elements genome-wide