A three-country comparison of psychotropic medication prevalence in youth

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The study aims to compare cross-national prevalence of psychotropic medication use in youth.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A population-based analysis of psychotropic medication use based on administrative claims data for the year 2000 was undertaken for insured enrollees from 3 countries in relation to age group (0–4, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19), gender, drug subclass pattern and concomitant use. The data include insured youth aged 0–19 in the year 2000 from the Netherlands (n = 110,944), Germany (n = 356,520) and the United States (n = 127,157).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The annual prevalence of any psychotropic medication in youth was significantly greater in the US (6.7%) than in the Netherlands (2.9%) and in Germany (2.0%). Antidepressant and stimulant prevalence were 3 or more times greater in the US than in the Netherlands and Germany, while antipsychotic prevalence was 1.5–2.2 times greater. The atypical antipsychotic subclass represented only 5% of antipsychotic use in Germany, but 48% in the Netherlands and 66% in the US. The less commonly used drugs e.g. alpha agonists, lithium and antiparkinsonian agents generally followed the ranking of US>Dutch>German youth with very rare (less than 0.05%) use in Dutch and German youth. Though rarely used, anxiolytics were twice as common in Dutch as in US and German youth. Prescription hypnotics were half as common as anxiolytics in Dutch and US youth and were very uncommon in German youth. Concomitant drug use applied to 19.2% of US youth which was more than double the Dutch use and three times that of German youth.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Prominent differences in psychotropic medication treatment patterns exist between youth in the US and Western Europe and within Western Europe. Differences in policies regarding direct to consumer drug advertising, government regulatory restrictions, reimbursement policies, diagnostic classification systems, and cultural beliefs regarding the role of medication for emotional and behavioral treatment are likely to account for these differences.</p

Der Gang der Dressur des Remontepferdes : ein Leitfaden im Anschluß an die Reit-Instruction der Königl. Preußischen Cavallerie

bearb. von E. von Troschk

Stellungnahme zu den Empfehlungen der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) für eine leistungsorientierte Mittelvergabe (LOM) an den Medizinischen Fakultäten in Deutschland

Die AWMF-Bibliometrie-Kommission hat eine Stellungnahme der AWMF zu den Empfehlungen der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für eine leistungsorientierte Mittelvergabe (LOM) an den Medizinischen Fakultäten in Deutschland erarbeitet, die im Folgenden im vollen Wortlaut wiedergegeben ist

Element, das zumindest an einer Oberflaeche elektrisch leitend und mit Kohlenstoff-Nanoroehrchen und einem Polymer gebildet ist, sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

WO 2011060774 A2 UPAB: 20110609 NOVELTY - The element has surface regions exhibiting electrically conductive properties, where the element is made of electrically conductive polymer. Carbon nanotubes are embedded in the polymer in a zone, where layer thickness of the zone is greater than 1000 nanometer. Maximum content of carbon nanotubes in the element is less than 0.1 weight percent, where the polymer is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyesters, polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, copolymers or poly methyl acrylate (PMA). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing an electrically conductive element. USE - Electrically conductive element for use with a touch screen or an organic LED. ADVANTAGE - The element is designed such that it is manufactured with less effort

DHP-Forum. Deutsche Herz-Kreislauf-Praeventionsstudie

SIGLETIB: ZO 4601 (1,3) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman