B. Frishmuth and T. Bernhard: Autobiographical Prose

The article is devoted to the autobiographical prose of Austrian writers Barbara Frishmuth and Thomas Bernhard. The material used were works by B. Frishmuth “Monastery School” and T. Bernhard “Cause”, in which the features of the “biographical author” are clearly seen. The research is conducted in a comparative aspect. It is reported that in these works devoted to the problem of the keeping girls and boys in boarding schools, the issue of the interaction of religion and the school in the education of children in postwar Austria is raised. Particular attention is paid to the fact that both authors have experience of staying out of the family: the life of B. Bernstein is described in bright colors, and Bernhard’s autobiographical prose hopelessness is seen. The selected perspective of the study takes into account women's approach to dealing with problems in the work of Barbara Frishmuth. The relevance of the study is stipulated by the interest of modern Russian literary studies to the trends of development of German-language literature of the XX century, insufficient study of the work of the Austrian writer B. Frishmuth in the domestic literary criticism and lack of a comparative analysis of the autobiographical works of two outstanding representatives of Austrian literature. It is shown that the comparison of the two works may be a part of a more close study of the dialogue between B. Frishmuth and T. Bernhard

Barbara Frishmuth’s Novel “Time of Ripening”: Specificity of a Philological Novel

The article is devoted to one of the newest genres of literary criticism - philological novel. Material for the study was the work of the contemporary Austrian writer Barbara Frishmuth - “Time of Ripening.” The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that Frishmuth’s works are little studied in the domestic literature, and this novel was not analyzed by Russian scientists. The proposed research coordinate system considers literary approach to addressing problems in the modern literature, including B. Frishmuth’s works. The author dwells on the characterization of the novel’s main character - a philologist, creative personality, whose creative abilities are manifested in the spontaneity of the world view, inner freedom, desire to comprehend the irrational mystery of creativity. It is shown that this novel has a complex composition associated with the interweaving of different chronological plans; driving force of the story is a mystery. The question of the set of realities and fiction in the depicted world of the work is raised. Special attention is paid to the fact that not only the narrator but all the characters in the novel are involved in the literary activities: specialists in medieval cryptography plunge into the mysterious text, they gradually begin to understand that they faced with one of the fantastic mysteries of the past - amazing conversation between a great Eastern poet with a German Prelate of a small monastery, who were divided by a century

Multicultural Discourse in Works by Barbara Frishmuth: Crossing the border between East and West (by Example of Novel “The Disappearance of the Shadow in the Sun”)

The works by Barbara Frischmuth - known master of contemporary German-language literature - are considered. Her works are in tune with time, so in her works it is easy to find the “problematic theme” of our time. It is shown that Barbara Frischmuth creates highly individual art world, she includes, following Austrian tradition, a fantastic item and philosophical reflections in the narration. It is indicated that the author of numerous novels and books for the younger generation relates to the questions of the relationship between East and West in her works. It is noted that Barbara Frischmuth is able not only to convey to the reader her ideas, but to force critical thinking about life. The author explores the features of Barbara Frischmuth’s multiculturalism as an aspect of tolerance, that consists in the possibility of parallel coexistence and mutual enrichment of cultures, by the material of the novel “The Disappearance of the Shadow in the Sun” (“Das Verschwinden des Schattens in der Sonne,” 1971). The relevance of the study is dictated by the need of rethinking of the relationships between representatives of different religious faiths (Islam and Christianity) that have been forming in European society for decades, taking into account the changed geopolitical situation. The author gives a generalized characteristic of “multiculturalism” and considers the work of the Austrian writer in this context

Study of nerve fibers nature reinforcing duodenal contractions by electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerve

The subject of the article is to investigate the mechanism of increased reactions by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve. Materials and methods: Experiments on dogs have shown that stimulant reactions during blockade of a-adrenergic by phentolamine and (3-adrenergic receptors with propranolol were completely eliminated by lizer-gol —the blocker of 5-HT12-receptors. Results: Infusion of lizergol did not influence on duodenal motor activity and the function of the vagus nerve. Conclusion: Effector neuron is found out to be serotonergic and its action is provided by 5-HT1 2 receptor

Statistical methods for analyzing financial statements of Russian organizations in the context of IFRS implementation

In the context of the transition to international financial reporting standards (hereinafter - IFRS), issues of bringing Russian financial statements closer to an international format are of relevance. In order to develop Russian reporting adapted to the new requirements of the format, the authors have conducted polls of the accounting services of large, medium and small business organizations about the desirability of including the indicators from the minimum list of international reporting articles in their reports. Based on the methods used by the Institute of Statistics in the study of Russian financial statements methods of selective observation, questioning, methods of processing the data obtained, namely, calculating the proportion of reporting indicators using the A. Salai and V. Ryabtsev index, the authors justify the inclusion in the Russian financial reporting a series of indicators proposed by IFRS. The results of the study can be used in the transformation of statements, as well as in the construction of consolidated financial statements generated in Russia in accordance with the requirements of IFRS.peer-reviewe

Behavioral Impact of the Regulation of the Brain 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex by Synthetic Phosphonate Analog of 2-Oxoglutarate: Implications into the Role of the Complex in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Decreased activity of the mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC) in brain accompanies neurodegenerative diseases. To reveal molecular mechanisms of this association, we treated rats with a specific inhibitor of OGDHC, succinyl phosphonate, or exposed them to hypoxic stress. In males treated with succinyl phosphonate and in pregnancy-sensitized females experiencing acute hypobaric hypoxia, we revealed upregulation of brain OGDHC (within 24 hours), with the activity increase presumably representing the compensatory response of brain to the OGDHC inhibition. This up-regulation of brain OGDHC was accompanied by an increase in exploratory activity and a decrease in anxiety of the experimental animals. Remarkably, the hypoxia-induced elevation of brain OGDHC and most of the associated behavioral changes were abrogated by succinyl phosphonate. The antagonistic action of hypoxia and succinyl phosphonate demonstrates potential therapeutic significance of the OGDHC regulation by the phosphonate analogs of 2-oxoglutarate

Modified hybrid genetic algorithm of discreet optimization problems

The goal objective is to improve the efficiency of solving discrete optimization problems. The proposed method refers to the “fast” methods and was named the “Local genetic method”. The peculiarity of this method is that the chromosomes do not encode the whole solution, but only a small part of the plan. Therefore, the method allows us introducing unary and binary operations that take into account the specific nature of the problem. The important feature of the method is the non-deterministic nature of the computation, which is due to the internal parallelism of computations and is expressed in the asynchronous action of various local strategies. In terms of speed, the proposed method in a number of experiments outperformed the traditional algorithm by more than 10 times and always found the best solution. The nature of the approximation to the optimum for these algorithms remained unchanged when solving any test cases

Institutional analysis of the regulatory and legal framework for financial reporting control in Russia

The study contains the main approaches to the determination of various institutions affecting Russian accounting from the standpoint of their formal and informal types. In modern conditions, the economic actions of a subject must be matched to external factors that determine the correctness of economic decision-making, as well as consistency and the development of correct patterns and behavior algorithms that are most effective for each specific situation. Through the institutional analysis, the authors have identified several inconsistencies in the regulatory framework of related institutions and suggested ways to eliminate these disparities. Inter-institutional discrepancies have been found between law and accounting institutions, indicating non-compliance in the accounting practice of the substance over form principle, between recognition in the bookkeeping and tax accounting of the transfer of assets and liabilities ownership, as well as differences in the recording of investment real estate in the financial statements according to IFRS institutions and Russian national standards.peer-reviewe

Institutional methodology of the formation of the public sector reporting concept in accordance with IPSAS

The author explores the essence of Russian statement of financial position of state sector entities. The approach to the features of the balance sheet is based on analyzing the classification of legal entities in the norms of the Civil Law of the Russian Federation. The objective of the article is determination of public sector reporting entity as well as a development of draft report on the financial position of the public sector entities. The author applies the institutional methodology in evolving perceptions of financial statements the reporting public sector entities have developed in the context of transition to international public sector accounting standards (hereinafter - IPSAS). The methodology is based on a detailed analysis of the legal framework of various related institutions: law, budget accounting, international financial reporting standards (hereinafter - IFRS) and other institutions. The results of the study justify and develop a new concept of public sector reporting entities. Given the new concept, the draft statement of financial position for Russian public sector entities was developed, which is universal for both state-owned (budgetary) and autonomous institutions.peer-reviewe

Approximation of complex, multiparameter, essentially nonlinear, dynamic relationships based on genetic algorithms

The work is focused on usage of genetic algorithms to get more precise approximation of complex and essentially nonlinear dynamic relationships. The algorithms precision was measured based on the model of stock market index prediction