A rare case presentation of hydatid cyst in ilio-psoas muscle

We report a rare case of hydatid cyst in iliopsoas muscle in 35-year-old male patient. Where, patient presented with pain and swelling in right groin and fixed flexion deformity of right lower limb with constitutional symptoms. CECT abdomen revealed hydatis cyst with daughter cyst. We performed excision by retroperitoneal approach through lumber incision. Cyst was completely removed with daughter cysts

Hepatic adenoma-an unusual case report

A 70-year-old female visited to tertiary care hospital with complains of abdominal pain on and off for 2 years. Pain gradually increased and was associated with vomiting. Patient is a known case of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The patient`s complete blood count was normal with increased coagulation profile. Provisional clinical diagnosis was fibronodular variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. Computed tomography scan suggestive of fibronodular hyperplasia. Specimen received in pathology department, which on gross examination showed well circumscribed, well encapsulated tumour with variegated appearance. Histopathological diagnosis of Hepatic adenoma was made

Phylogeography of mtDNA haplogroup R7 in the Indian peninsula.

BACKGROUND: Human genetic diversity observed in Indian subcontinent is second only to that of Africa. This implies an early settlement and demographic growth soon after the first 'Out-of-Africa' dispersal of anatomically modern humans in Late Pleistocene. In contrast to this perspective, linguistic diversity in India has been thought to derive from more recent population movements and episodes of contact. With the exception of Dravidian, which origin and relatedness to other language phyla is obscure, all the language families in India can be linked to language families spoken in different regions of Eurasia. Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome evidence has supported largely local evolution of the genetic lineages of the majority of Dravidian and Indo-European speaking populations, but there is no consensus yet on the question of whether the Munda (Austro-Asiatic) speaking populations originated in India or derive from a relatively recent migration from further East. RESULTS: Here, we report the analysis of 35 novel complete mtDNA sequences from India which refine the structure of Indian-specific varieties of haplogroup R. Detailed analysis of haplogroup R7, coupled with a survey of approximately 12,000 mtDNAs from caste and tribal groups over the entire Indian subcontinent, reveals that one of its more recently derived branches (R7a1), is particularly frequent among Munda-speaking tribal groups. This branch is nested within diverse R7 lineages found among Dravidian and Indo-European speakers of India. We have inferred from this that a subset of Munda-speaking groups have acquired R7 relatively recently. Furthermore, we find that the distribution of R7a1 within the Munda-speakers is largely restricted to one of the sub-branches (Kherwari) of northern Munda languages. This evidence does not support the hypothesis that the Austro-Asiatic speakers are the primary source of the R7 variation. Statistical analyses suggest a significant correlation between genetic variation and geography, rather than between genes and languages. CONCLUSION: Our high-resolution phylogeographic study, involving diverse linguistic groups in India, suggests that the high frequency of mtDNA haplogroup R7 among Munda speaking populations of India can be explained best by gene flow from linguistically different populations of Indian subcontinent. The conclusion is based on the observation that among Indo-Europeans, and particularly in Dravidians, the haplogroup is, despite its lower frequency, phylogenetically more divergent, while among the Munda speakers only one sub-clade of R7, i.e. R7a1, can be observed. It is noteworthy that though R7 is autochthonous to India, and arises from the root of hg R, its distribution and phylogeography in India is not uniform. This suggests the more ancient establishment of an autochthonous matrilineal genetic structure, and that isolation in the Pleistocene, lineage loss through drift, and endogamy of prehistoric and historic groups have greatly inhibited genetic homogenization and geographical uniformity.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are

From fine a balance, to refine: dalit ‘self’

The development of the Dalit identity over the last few decades has been shaped by the revolutionary movements political and literary. Whatever the term used, being Dalit is a real experience and everyday struggle for the masses living under the curse of the caste system. Over the years, the term Dalit has come to signify the masses that have been exploited and oppressed by the dominant social classes in India. Dalit theory has been widely misrepresented in Indian academia because of two primary reasons: Firstly, the production of Dalit theory in Indian social sciences has so far been controlled by the elite Brahmins, the legitimate subject who has the right to produce knowledge as per the Dharmashastras and Varnashram. Secondly, the alienation of Savarnas from the lived experience of those who are at the bottom rungs of caste system and face violence. This kind of scholarship requires critical introspection, since it is produced by Theoretical Brahmins, not by Empirical Shudras (Guru and Sarukkai). This leads us to certain fundamental gaps between a lived experience on ground and an elite Brahminical theory produced on top: Is not the social sciences in India, itself a product of the Chaturvarna system? Who are the owners, authors of these experiences? This paper further deliberates upon questions like is Dalit-hood merely social stratification or personal experience and by constantly comparing select Gujarati and Marathi Dalit literary narratives the paper interrogates if Dalit literature really ensures emancipation. The focus of the paper is on registering how Dalit literary movement, through its cross-interactions with Dalit theory, struggles between victimhood as its stereotypical identity and anti-caste approach as that could ensure movement from margin to the centre space.by Chirag Trivedi and Bhargav Oz

TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES OF ARYL AZOPYARAZOLE: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND MICROBICIDAL ACTIVITIES

ABSTRACT Reaction between 4-nitro phenyl acid hydrazide with 4-[N'-(1-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-oxo-propylidene)-hydrazino]-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid in ethanol furnishes 1-[4-nitro-benzoyl]-3-methyl-4-(4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-phen-4-ylhydrazono)-2-pyrazoline-5-ones (NtH-ASA). The transition metal complexes of Cu 2+ , Co 2+ ,Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ and Zn 2+ of NtH-ASA have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, spectral studies, magnetic moment determination, molar conductivity measurement and microbicidal activity