Solar cycle induced variations in GONG p-mode frequencies and splittings

We have analysed the recently available GONG p-mode frequencies and splitting coefficients for a period of three and half years, including the rapidly rising phase of solar cycle 23. The analysis of mean frequency shift with different activity indices shows that the shift is equally correlated with both magnetic and radiative indices. During the onset of the new cycle 23, we notice that the change in $b_4$ splitting coefficient is more prominent than the change in $b_2$. We have estimated the solar rotation rate with varying depth and latitude. In the equatorial region, the rotation first increases with depth and then decreases, while an opposite behaviour is seen in the polar region. We also find a small but significant temporal variation in the rotation rate at high latitudes.Comment: Uses aastex, To appear in Astrophysical Journal, October 10, 2000 issu

Two site self consistent method for front propagation in reaction-diffusion system

We study front propagation in the reaction diffusion process $A\leftrightarrow2A$ on one dimensional lattice with hard core interaction between the particles. We propose a two site self consistent method (TSSCM) to make analytic estimates for the front velocity and are in excellent agreement with the simulation results for all parameter regimes. We expect that the simplicity of the method will allow one to use this technique for estimating the front velocity in other reaction diffusion processes as well.Comment: 6 figure

Mechanism of enhanced light output in InGaN-based microlight emitting diodes

Micro-light emitting diode (LED) arrays with diameters of 4 to 20 mum have been fabricated and were found to be much more efficient light emitters compared to their broad-area counterparts, with up to five times enhancement in optical power densities. The possible mechanisms responsible for the improvement in performance were investigated. Strain relaxation in the microstructures as measured by Raman spectroscopy was not observed, arguing against theories of an increase in internal quantum efficiency due to a reduction of the piezoelectric field put forward by other groups. Optical microscope images show intense light emission at the periphery of the devices, as a result of light scattering off the etched sidewalls. This increases the extraction efficiency relative to broad area devices and boosts the forward optical output. In addition, spectra of the forward emitted light reveal the presence of resonant cavity modes [whispering gallery (WG) modes in particular] which appear to play a role in enhancing the optical output

Vertebral arteries bilaterally passing through stellate (cervicothoracic) ganglion

Vertebral artery is a branch of the first part of subclavian artery. Vertebral artery arising from the aortic arch most commonly presents on the left side. The cervical part of sympathetic trunk is closely related to the vertebral artery in the cervical region. Though lots of variations regarding anomalous origin, course of vertebral artery is reported in the literature, here we present a rare anomaly in which vertebral artery after originating from aortic arch is passing through stellate ganglia and it enters into the transverse foramina of higher cervical vertebra (C5). Such variation should be kept in mind by anaesthetist during stellate ganglion block in order to relieve intractable pain in central nervous system lesion. Surgeons should keep this anomaly in mind during cervical spine surgery otherwise vertebral artery may get injured leading to haemorrhage

A comparative study of ovulation induction with clomiphene versus clomiphene and bromocriptine in follicular phase of normoprolactinemic PCOS women

Background: Hypothalamic pituitary axis dysfunction accounts for majority of ovulatory disorders and a predominant cause of women with PCOS. There is a dopaminergic control on gonadotropin secretion. In normoprolactinemic PCOS patients transient rise in serum prolactin can be observed during the late follicular phase and luteal phase. So, the aim of the study is to know the effect of bromocriptine and clomiphene in ovulation induction as compared to clomiphene alone.Methods: Based on the various inclusion and exclusion criteria, seventy patients were randomly assigned into two groups. The patients in the first group were treated with tablet of clomiphene citrate (100 mg) from day 3 to day 7 of each cycle. The patients in the other group received 100mg of clomiphene citrate from day 3 to day 7 of each cycle and tablet bromocriptine (2.5 mg) from day5 to day14. Both groups were followed up with follicular study for three months. At the end of the three cycles the hormonal statuses of the patients were determined.Results: There was no significant difference found in other hormones like serum FSH, LH and estradiol in both groups. The follicular diameter and the average endometrial thickness was increased to a significant level in the CC+Bcrt group as compared to the CC group. The rate of ovulation and pregnancy rate was higher in combination group.Conclusions: Bromocriptine with clomiphene in follicular phase has an advantage of improving follicular diameter, endometrial thickness and hence ovulation and pregnancy rates.

Analysis of Genetic Diversity among F4 segregating population of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Seventeen breeding lines (ten F4 segregants and seven parents) of bitter gourd were evaluated at Department of Vegetable Science, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, during late kharif, 2022. These genotypes were used for evaluation of 13 quantitative characters which were grouped into five different clusters through Tocher’s method of genetic divergence analysis. Cluster I consists of ten genotypes, Cluster II, III and IV comprising of two genotypes each, while cluster V included only one genotype. Highest intra cluster distance was found in cluster IV (17.14) while lowest in cluster II (8.70). The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and V (26.18), followed by clusters I and V (25.06). For future breeding programme in bitter gourd, genotype of Cluster V should be selected for better vegetative growth, earliness in appearance of 1st female flower and giving yield for longer duration. Similarly, Cluster III for earliness in appearance of 1st male flower and more number of fruits vine-1 while that of cluster II should be considered for getting high yield with less number of seeds fruits-1. Seeds fruit-1 (61.03%) contributed maximum towards divergence followed by fruits vine-1 (12.50%)