Expressions 1988

https://openspace.dmacc.edu/expressions/1031/thumbnail.jp

Memory for faces and paired associates after temporal lobectomy in childhood

Findings are reported from the first examination of the Beardsworth Memory for Children's Faces Test (BMCFT) (Beardsworth & Zaidel, 1994) tested on a selected sample of 10 left (LATL) and 7 right (RATL) anterior temporal lobectomy patients an average of 7 years post surgery. No differences between LATL and RATL groups were found on immediate or delayed memory trials of the BMCFT. Verbal memory was assessed with a verbal analogue of this test, the Extended Verbal Paired Associates Test (EVPAT) specifically constructed for this study. Differences were obtained on the immediate (F = 5.17; p < .01) and delayed (F = 6.55; p < .01) memory trials of the EVPAT with LATL patients learning and retrieving fewer verbal associations than their right ATL counterparts. No differences were found on the memory decline to delayed recall scores on the EVPAT. The findings suggest that people who have left or right ATL in childhood cannot be distinguished on the basis of their immediate or delayed memory for paired faces an average of 7 years post-surgery. These results are consistent with the immediate memory performance of children 6 months post-surgery as reported by Beardsworth and Zaidel (1994), but are not consonant with the delayed memory performance of their children on this task. This indicates that left-right dissociations found in children on measures of delayed memory for faces 6 months post-surgery may represent a component of memory that is still in a state of recovery. The findings for the immediate memory trials of the EVPAT conformed to expectations and underscore the dependability of simple rote verbal memory tasks in dissociating left from right ATL 7 years post-surgery. The study addresses the issue of the recovery of immediate versus delayed memory and time of assessment post-surgery

Intervalo hídrico ótimo na avaliação de sistemas de pastejo contínuo e rotacionado Least limiting water range in the evaluation of continuous and short-duration grazing systems

A qualidade física do solo sob sistemas de pastejo contínuo e rotacionado foi avaliada pelo Intervalo Hídrico Ótimo (IHO). A amostragem foi realizada na área experimental da Embrapa Gado de Corte. Foi estudado um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. Foram avaliados quatro piquetes, sendo dois no sistema de pastejo contínuo e dois no sistema de pastejo rotacionado. No sistema de pastejo contínuo, implementado com a espécie Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, foram retiradas 30 amostras por piquete, não tendo um dos piquetes recebido adubação de manutenção (Cs), enquanto o outro havia recebido adubação bianual de manutenção (Cc). No sistema de pastejo rotacionado, implementado com a espécie Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, foram retiradas 30 amostras por piquete; em um dos piquetes, o resíduo pós-pastejo era mantido entre 2,0 e 2,5 t ha-1 de matéria seca total (MST) (R1), enquanto no outro era mantido entre 3,0 e 3,5 t ha-1 MST (R2). As amostras foram submetidas a um gradiente de tensão de água e, posteriormente, utilizadas nas determinações da densidade do solo (Ds), resistência do solo à penetração (RP), umidade volumétrica (tetav) e do IHO. O sistema de pastejo rotacionado apresentou piores condições físicas do solo para o crescimento vegetal, avaliadas pelo critério do IHO. Os maiores valores de Ds e menor IHO foram observados no R1, o que foi atribuído às taxas de lotação mais elevadas aplicadas neste piquete.<br>Soil physical quality in continuous and short-duration rotational cattle grazing systems was evaluated using the Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) approach. Soil samples were collected on an experimental site at the Embrapa - Beef Cattle Research Center (Campo Grande, MS, Brazil). The studied soil was a Typic Acrudox. Four sampling sites were selected: two under a short-duration continuous grazing system and two under intensive short-duration rotational grazing system. Thirty soil cores were collected in each site under the continuous grazing system, planted with Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk grass. One of the continuous grazing sites had received biannual fertilization (Cc) while the other had not been fertilized (Cs). Thirty soil cores were also collected in each site under the intensive rotational grazing system, planted with Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania grass. In the intensive rotational grazing system the two sites differed in relation to the post-graze residue level left. In one site (R1) it varied from 2.0 to 2.5 t total dry matter (TDM) ha-1 and in the other R2 it varied from 3.0 to 3.5 t TDM ha-1. The cores were subjected to a soil water suction gradient, and then used for soil bulk density (Db), soil resistance to penetration (SR), volumetric water content (thetav), and LLWR determinations. The intensive short-duration rotational grazing system presented the worse physical soil conditions for plant growth, as evaluated by the LLWR. The highest Db and the lowest LLWR were found in R1, which could be a consequence of the heavier stocking rates used on this site