White matter differences between survivors treated with radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy and healthy controls.

<p>(A) Significant white matter differences between survivors with radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy (RT) and healthy controls (HC) were found in the empirically-identified white matter regions from TBSS. White matter skeleton (color coded in green) is overlaid on a T₁ weighted image. Clusters of significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for survivor group are in orange and red. (B) The plot of statistically significant correlations between intellectual performance and the white matter FA measured from the areas of left middle frontal (red) and left middle temporal (blue). LMF = left middle frontal (red), LMT = left middle temporal (blue). VIQ = verbal intelligence quotient, PIQ = performance intelligence quotient. a.u. = arbitrary units.</p

Demographic, treatment history, and intellectual performance of each group.

<p>Note: RT = survivors who received radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy, NRT = survivors who did not receive radiation treatment. Groups were similar across demographic variables.</p><p><b>*</b>: Variables with significant group difference (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p>^a,b: Different superscripts (e.g., ^a and ^b) signify significant mean differences between groups (χ2, <i>p</i> < .05), whereas matching superscripts illustrate similar means (e.g., ^b and ^b). RT group had significantly more individuals treated with chemotherapy and individuals identified with hormone deficiency. Across most cognitive tasks and indices, the RT group was significantly lower relative to both NRT and HC groups; in contrast, the NRT group was similar to controls. IQ Mean = 100, SD = 15; Subtest T Score Mean = 50, SD = 10.</p><p>Demographic, treatment history, and intellectual performance of each group.</p

Fractional anisotropy (FA) values of white matter regions in all brain tumor survivors were lower compared to those of healthy controls, and correlated with IQ.

<p>Note: ^a: Correlation coefficient; FA = Fractional Anisotropy, VIQ = Verbal Intelligence Quotient; PIQ = Performance Intelligence Quotient.</p><p>*: P < 0.05</p><p>**: P < 0.01.CC: corpus callosum, LSF: left superior frontal; LFP: left frontal pole; LMF: left middle frontal; LFP: left frontal pole; RMF: right middle frontal; RFP: right frontal pole; RFO: right frontal orbital; RIF: right inferior frontal; LST: left superior; LMT: left middle temporal; LIT: left inferior temporal; LPT: left planum temporale; RST: right superior temporal; RMT: right middle temporal; RIT: right inferior temporal; RPT: right planum temporale.</p><p>Fractional anisotropy (FA) values of white matter regions in all brain tumor survivors were lower compared to those of healthy controls, and correlated with IQ.</p

Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were lower in specific white matter regions in survivors compared to healthy controls, and correlated with IQ.

<p>Note: a: Correlation coefficient; VIQ = Verbal Intelligence Quotient; PIQ = Performance IQ; FA = fractional anisotropy; RT = survivors treated with radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy; NRT = survivors who did not receive radiation treatment; HC = Healthy Controls.</p><p>*: P < 0.05</p><p>**: P < 0.01. CC: corpus callosum, LSF: left superior frontal; LMF: left middle frontal; LFP: left frontal pole; RSF: right superior frontal; RMF: right middle frontal; RIF: right inferior frontal; LFO: left frontal orbital; LFP: left frontal pole; LIF: left inferior frontal; LST: left superior temporal; LMT: left middle temporal; LIT: left inferior temporal; LPT: left planum temporale; RST: right superior temporal; RMT: right middle temporal; RIT: right inferior temporal; RPT: right planum temporale.</p><p>Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were lower in specific white matter regions in survivors compared to healthy controls, and correlated with IQ.</p

White matter differences between survivors with radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy (RT) and survivors without radiation treatment (NRT).

<p>(A) Significant white matter differences were identified between the RT group and the NRT group in the empirically-identified white matter regions from TBSS. White matter skeleton (color coded in green) is overlaid on a T₁ weighted image. Clusters of significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for the RT survivor group are in orange and red. (B) The plot of statistically significant correlations between intellectual performance and the white matter FA measured from the areas of anterior portion of corpus callosum (green), right middle temporal (red) and right middle frontal (blue) regions. CC = corpus callosum (green), RMF = right middle frontal (blue), RMT = right middle temporal (red). VIQ = verbal intelligence quotient, PIQ = performance intelligence quotient, a.u = arbitrary units.</p

The correlations of IQ and cumulative neurological risk with fractional anisotropy values of specific white matter regions in survivors with radiation treatment with and without chemotherapy (RT) compared to the survivors who did not receive radiation treatment (NRT).

<p>Note: ^a: Correlation coefficient; VIQ = Verbal Intelligence Quotient; PIQ = Performance IQ; NPS = Neurological Predictor Scale; FA = fractional anisotropy; RT = survivors treated with radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy; NRT = survivors who did not receive radiation treatment.</p><p>*: P < 0.05</p><p>**: P < 0.01. CC: corpus callosum; RMF: right middle frontal; RFP: right frontal pole; LIF: left inferior frontal; LMF: left middle frontal; RMT: right middle temporal; RTP: right temporal pole.</p><p>The correlations of IQ and cumulative neurological risk with fractional anisotropy values of specific white matter regions in survivors with radiation treatment with and without chemotherapy (RT) compared to the survivors who did not receive radiation treatment (NRT).</p

White matter differences between survivors with no radiation treatment and healthy controls.

<p>Significant white matter differences between survivors with no radiation treatment (NRT) and healthy controls (HC) were found in the empirically-identified white matter regions from TBSS. White matter skeleton (color coded in green) is overlaid on a T₁ weighted image. Clusters of significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for survivor group are in orange and red. No statistically significant correlation between intellectual performance and the white matter FA was found in these areas.</p