PENGEMBANGANPERMAINAN EDUKATIF YUT NORI SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MELATIH KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PADA MATERI SISTEM PENCERNAAN

Abstrak Keterampilan berpikir kritis perlu diterapkan pada proses pembelajaran materi sistem pencernaan. Proses pembelajaran akan menjadi lebih  menyenangkan jika menggunakan media pembelajaran dengan permainan edukatifsebagai salah satu alternatifnya. Permainan edukatif Yut Nori materi sistem pencernaan merupakan salah satu alternatif media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan untuk melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan perangkat permainan edukatif Yut Nori sebagai media pembelajaran untuk melatih keterampilan berpikir kritis pada materi sistem pencernaan kelas XI SMA yang layak ditinjau dari aspek validitas, kepraktisan, dan efektivitas. Desain pengembangan yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R & D).Instrumen yang digunakan yakni lembar validasi, lembar observasi aktivitas peserta didik, lembar angket respons peserta didik, dan lembar test. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan statistika deskriptif kualitatif. Tahap ujicoba dilakukan di SMA Negeri Jogoroto Jombang pada bulan Maret 2019. Hasil uji coba terbatas pada 20 peserta didik XI IPA 3 SMA Negeri Jogoroto menunjukkan permainan edukatif Yut Nori sistem pencernaan sangat layak dengan kelayakan 99,3%, keterlaksanaan aktivitas peserta didik 88,4%, respons positif peserta didik 98%, ketuntasan hasil belajar peserta didik 90%, gain score sebesar 0,44 dengan kategori sedang, serta ketuntasan indikator pembelajaran 90%. Kata Kunci: permainan edukatif, media pembelajaran, Yut Nori, keterampilan berpikir kritis, sistem pencernaan

Roadmap on Li-ion battery manufacturing research

Growth in the Li-ion battery market continues to accelerate, driven primarily by the increasing need for economic energy storage for electric vehicles. Electrode manufacture by slurry casting is the first main step in cell production but much of the manufacturing optimisation is based on trial and error, know-how and individual expertise. Advancing manufacturing science that underpins Li-ion battery electrode production is critical to adding to the electrode manufacturing value chain. Overcoming the current barriers in electrode manufacturing requires advances in materials, manufacturing technology, in-line process metrology and data analytics, and can enable improvements in cell performance, quality, safety and process sustainability. In this roadmap we explore the research opportunities to improve each stage of the electrode manufacturing process, from materials synthesis through to electrode calendering. We highlight the role of new process technology, such as dry processing, and advanced electrode design supported through electrode level, physics-based modelling. Progress in data driven models of electrode manufacturing processes is also considered. We conclude there is a growing need for innovations in process metrology to aid fundamental understanding and to enable feedback control, an opportunity for electrode design to reduce trial and error, and an urgent imperative to improve the sustainability of manufacture

Mathematical Modelling of Hydrophilic Ionic Fertiliser Diffusion in Plant Cuticles: Lipophilic Surfactant Effects

The global agricultural industry requires improved efficacy of sprays being applied to weeds and crops to increase financial returns and reduce environmental impact. Enhancing foliar penetration is one way to improve efficacy. Within the plant leaf, the cuticle is the most significant barrier to agrochemical diffusion. It has been noted that a comprehensive set of mechanisms for ionic active ingredient (AI) penetration through plant leaves with surfactants is not well defined, and oils that enhance penetration have been given little attention. The importance of a mechanistic mathematical model has been noted previously in the literature. Two mechanistic mathematical models have been previously developed by the authors, focusing on plant cuticle penetration of calcium chloride through tomato fruit cuticles. The models included ion binding and evaporation with hygroscopic water absorption, along with the ability to vary the AI concentration and type, relative humidity, and plant species. Here, we further develop these models to include lipophilic adjuvant effects, as well as the adsorption and desorption, of compounds on the cuticle surface with a novel Adaptive Competitive Langmuir model. These modifications to a penetration model provide a novel addition to the literature. We validate our theoretical model results against appropriate experimental data, discuss key sensitivities, and relate theoretical predictions to physical mechanisms. The results indicate the addition of the desorption mechanism may be one way to predict increased penetration at late times, and the sensitivity of model parameters compares well to those present in the literature

Nonlinear Porous Diffusion Modeling of Hydrophilic Ionic Agrochemicals in Astomatous Plant Cuticle Aqueous Pores: A Mechanistic Approach

The agricultural industry requires improved efficacy of sprays being applied to crops and weeds in order to reduce their environmental impact and deliver improved financial returns. Enhanced foliar uptake is one means of improving efficacy. The plant leaf cuticle is known to be the main barrier to diffusion of agrochemicals within the leaf. The usefulness of a mathematical model to simulate uptake of agrochemicals in plant cuticles has been noted previously in the literature, as the results of each uptake experiment are specific to each formulation of active ingredient, plant species and environmental conditions. In this work we develop a mathematical model and numerical simulation for the uptake of hydrophilic ionic agrochemicals through aqueous pores in plant cuticles. We propose a novel, nonlinear, porous diffusion model for ionic agrochemicals in isolated cuticles, which extends simple diffusion through the incorporation of parameters capable of simulating: plant species variations, evaporation of surface droplet solutions, ion binding effects on the cuticle surface and swelling of the aqueous pores with water. We validate our theoretical results against appropriate experimental data, discuss the key sensitivities in the model and relate theoretical predictions to appropriate physical mechanisms. Major influencing factors have been found to be cuticle structure, including tortuosity and density of the aqueous pores, and to a lesser extent humidity and cuticle surface ion binding effects

Roadmap on Li-ion battery manufacturing research

Growth in the Li-ion battery market continues to accelerate, driven primarily by the increasing need for economic energy storage for electric vehicles. Electrode manufacture by slurry casting is the first main step in cell production but much of the manufacturing optimisation is based on trial and error, know-how and individual expertise. Advancing manufacturing science that underpins Li-ion battery electrode production is critical to adding to the electrode manufacturing value chain. Overcoming the current barriers in electrode manufacturing requires advances in materials, manufacturing technology, in-line process metrology and data analytics, and can enable improvements in cell performance, quality, safety and process sustainability. In this roadmap we explore the research opportunities to improve each stage of the electrode manufacturing process, from materials synthesis through to electrode calendering. We highlight the role of new process technology, such as dry processing, and advanced electrode design supported through electrode level, physics-based modelling. Progress in data driven models of electrode manufacturing processes is also considered. We conclude there is a growing need for innovations in process metrology to aid fundamental understanding and to enable feedback control, an opportunity for electrode design to reduce trial and error, and an urgent imperative to improve the sustainability of manufacture