Distribution of phorid-infected honey bees sampled in this study (red).

<p>Inset shows the San Francisco Bay Area counties where we found phorid-parasitized honey bees. The routes of commercial hives tested are indicated (arrows), where dotted lines represent states the hives crossed before viral microarray testing and solid lines represent the route of hives during the period of microarray testing. Sites where <i>A. borealis</i> was previously known <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029639#pone.0029639-Genersch1" target="_blank">[7]</a> are indicated by black dots.</p

Images of <i>Apocephalus borealis</i> and honey bees.

<p>(A) Adult female <i>A. borealis</i>. (B) Female <i>A. borealis</i> ovipositing into the abdomen of a worker honey bee. (C) Two final instar larvae of <i>A. borealis</i> exiting a honey bee worker at the junction of the head and thorax (red arrows).</p