Modelling and model assessment of grid based Multi-Energy Systems

Two main strategies should be implemented to decarbonise the energy sector: substituting fossil fuels with renewable energies, and increasing system efficiency. Both strategies pose challenges for today's energy systems and their operators, because renewable energy is mainly decentralized, not always predictable, and introduces a degree of volatility into grids. Multi-energy systems, which incorporate multiple energy sectors, allow flexibility options to be used across energy carriers and thus further increase system flexibility. In addition, these multi-energy systems can also improve the overall energy efficiency. They enable cascaded energy use and allow for seasonal storage between different energy carriers. A comprehensive system modelling framework should consider all profound interactions between relevant system control variables. The aim of this proposed paper is to show the correlation between major aspects of grid based MES and how they can be combined in a system modelling framework

Test Grids for the Integration of RES—A Contribution for the European Context

A long-term sustainable energy transition can only be achieved by technological advancements and new approaches for efficiently integrating renewable energies into the overall energy system. Significantly increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) within the overall energy system requires appropriate network models of current transmission and distribution grids, which, as limiting factors of energy infrastructures, confine this share due to capacity constraints. However, especially regarding electrical network models, data (e.g., geographical data, load and generation profiles, etc.) is rarely available since it usually includes user-specific information and is, therefore, subject to data protection. Synthetically obtained electrical networks, on the other hand, may not be representative and may fail to replicate real grid structures due to the heterogeneous properties of currently operated networks. To account for this heterogeneity, this paper offers a contribution for the European electrical energy system and presents the development of four synthetic test networks at different voltage levels which are representative and include non-confidential time-series data. The test network development is based on an extensive literature research on a multitude of different network parameters for grids within the ENTSO-E (European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity) interconnected system in Europe. These parameters are then used to design the networks in NEPLAN®. Then, these networks are provided with load and generation profiles for enabling time-series calculations. To validate the representativeness of the test networks, a short-circuit analysis is conducted and the obtained results are compared to short-circuit parameters common for Austrian and German literature values as well as for value ranges for European ENTSO-E grids. The analysis shows that the presented test networks replicate European electrical network behavior accurately and can, therefore, be utilized for various application purposes to assess technological impacts on European ENTSO-E grids

Schauplatz der Konfrontation: KarlKraus’ Schreibtisch im Kriegskontext

This article explores the multiple meanings of Karl Kraus’s desk. In his work, Kraus self-consciously staged his desk as a place of literary production, but in reality it had many more functions beyond this. From his desk, Kraus participated in a specific field of communication and interaction, playing with both exchange and exclusion, and maintaining selective relations to the »outside world«. Furthermore, this article places Kraus’s study within the context of modern bureaucracy and, by extension, the First WorldWar. It proposes a reading of Kraus’s desk as both the space of his war experience and a space of intellectual warfare. The article concludes by considering Kraus’s lectern, which it examines as an extension of his polemic work

McBeath Institute Aging Women Project, 1978-1979

The Aging Women Project began in the fall of 1977 at the Faye McBeath Institute on Aging and Adult Life at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The project grew out of the need for multidisciplinary collaboration in research on aging, and the need for a concerted effort to examine issues affecting older women. A random sample of 480 women of age 50 and older was drawn from five Madison census tracts. The women represented a range of ages, marital statuses, living situations, income, and educational backgrounds. In the first wave of data collection, which took place in the summer of 1978, 480 women were interviewed in their homes and also completed some questionnaires on their own. The multidisciplinary interview was divided into two schedules. The two schedules had a core ofcommon questions, and each had a battery of questions focusing on a different area. One-half of the 480 women were randomly assigned to receive the first schedule and the other half, the second. Variables assessed in this wave included demographic data, mental and physical health, singlehood, work history, marriage and family, living arrangements, friendships, equity in relationships, use of services, major life changes, organizational affiliations, and political attitudes. The second wave of data collection was carried out in the summer of 1979. Four hundred (83%) of the original participants agreed to be reinterviewed. The single interview schedule and self-administered questionnaire were both designed to fill gaps from the first year's data, especially around the relative contribution of personality factors and social connectedness to coping abilities, and the general well being of aging women. Variables assessed included demographic data, mental and physical health, view of past year, winter as a life stress, meaning of aging, death and dying, attitudes and obligations toward family, divorce and family relationships, friendships, attitudes toward education, and programs for the elderly. The Murray Research Archive holds all numeric file data from this study. Original record paper data are held by the McBeath Institute and are available through the contributor. The Murray Archive also holds data from a 1992 follow-up study of this sample (see Roberto, 01009)