Effet de l’insertion des plantes de couverture sur la productivité du système de culture à base de maïs dans le cadre de l’intégration agriculture-élevage

En zone soudano-sahélienne, la productivité des cultures est limitée par les effets néfastes du changement climatique et la pauvreté des sols. L’insertion des plantes de couverture dans les systèmes de production pourrait être une alternative d’amélioration des rendements et de la biomasse. Pour atteindre cet objectif, la pratique conventionnelle de la culture du maïs a été comparée pendant cinq années (2014-2018), à quatre systèmes de culture associant des plantes de couverture. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé a été un bloc de Fisher avec 6 traitements en 4 répétitions. Les résultats ont montré que l’insertion du Cajanus cajan, du Stylosanthes hamata, du Brachiaria ruziziensis et Mucuna cochinchinensis dans un système de culture à base du maïs permet d’améliorer la production de biomasse fourragère sans négativement affecter son rendement. Utilisée dans la supplémentation des animaux, la biomasse produite peut nourrir pendant 90 jours 7 unités de bétail tropical (UBT) en culture pure du maïs et 8 à 13 unités de bétail tropical (UBT) en fonction du type de plantes de couverture. Dans le cadre de la production fumure organique, les mêmes tendances de variations ont été obtenues en fonction des systèmes de culture. L’insertion des plantes de couverture est un élément intégrateur agriculture-élevage.Mots clés : Changement climatique, maïs, légumineuse, biomasse fourragère, zone Soudano-sahélienne, Mali   English Title: Cover crop insertion effect on productivity of maize-based cropping system in the context of crop-livestock integrationIn Sudano-Sahelian zone, crop productivity is limited by climate change effect and poor soils. Inserting cover crops into production systems could be an alternative to improve yields and biomass. To achieve this goal, conventional practice of maize cultivation was compared over a five-year period (2014-2018) with four cropping systems using cover crops. The experimental design used was a Fisher block with 6 treatments in 4 replicates. The results showed that the insertion of Cajanus cajan, Stylosanthes hamata, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Mucuna cochinchinensis in a maize-based cropping system improves biomass production without negatively affecting its yield. Used in animal supplementation, the biomass produced can feed 7 Tropical Livestock Units (UBT) of pure maize crop and 8 to 13 UBT for 90 days, depending on the type of cover crop. In the case of organic manure production, the same variations were obtained depending on cropping systems. The insertion of cover crops in cropping system is an integrating agriculture-livestock component.Keywords: Climate change, maize, legumes, fodder biomass, fodder biomass, Sudano-Sahelian zone, Mali

A novel Gateway®-compatible binary vector allows direct selection of recombinant clones in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cloning genes into plasmid vectors is one of the key steps for studying gene function. Recently, Invitrogen™ developed a convenient Gateway^®cloning system based on the site-specific DNA recombination properties of bacteriophage lambda and the cytotoxic protein ccdB, which is lethal to most <it>E. coli </it>strains. The ccdB protein, however, is not toxic to <it>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</it>, an important player often used for studying gene function <it>in planta</it>. This limits the direct application of the Gateway^®cloning system in plant transformation-mediated research.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we constructed a novel Gateway^®-compatible destination vector, pEG101-SacB/R, by replacing the <it>ccdB </it>gene with a <it>SacB-SacR </it>gene cassette as the negative selectable marker.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that the new pEG101-SacB/R destination vector can be used for Gateway^®cloning in <it>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</it>. pEG101-SacB/R will be a valuable tool for high-throughput functional analysis of genes <it>in planta</it>.</p

Digital Twin for Smart Cities: An Enabler for Large-Scale Enterprise Interoperability

In a context of increasingly connected production systems and ambient intelligence, the digital twin is an approach that is becoming increasingly popular to help control and pilot such systems. The interest for the digital twin is to be able to meet a need for modeling and piloting as close as possible to the physical system and a better anticipation of behavior. How, in this context, the question of the composition of digital twins to model a system of systems, where each system already has its own digital twin? This paper examines such a question from the perspective of digital twin for smart cities. The position adopted here is the concept of Digital Industrial Territories, a middleware for large scale interoperability between digital twins of enterprises involved in multiple supply chains (energy, transport, health, etc.). © 2022 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved

Effets de la fertilisation potassique des sols ferrugineux tropicaux sur la nutrition minérale et la productivité du cotonnier (Gossypium hirsutum L.) au Burkina Faso

L'étude a été conduite pendant deux années, dans deux stations expérimentales situées à l’Ouest et à l’Est du Burkina Faso, pour évaluer l'efficacité de la fertilisation potassique sur les rendements du cotonnier et ses effets sur les caractéristiques technologiques de la fibre de coton. Les traitements étaient constitués par lafumure minérale vulgarisée sur le cotonnier (150 kg ha-1 de 14-18-18-6S-1B + 50 kg ha-1 d'urée) à laquelle cinq doses de chlorure de potassium (0; 25; 50; 75 et 100 kg ha-1 de KCl) ont été associées. Dans un dispositif expérimental en blocs de Fisher, la nutrition minérale du cotonnier, le rendement en coton graine et ses composantes ainsi que les caractéristiques technologiques de la fibre ont été les paramètres mesurés. Les doses de potassium ont significativement amélioré la nutrition potassique du cotonnier à 70 jours après levée ainsi que les rendements en coton graine. Les doses de 75 et 100 kg ha-1de KCl étaient statistiquement équivalentes à la dose de 50 kg ha-1 de KCl qui a induit, par rapport au témoin sans KCl, une amélioration du rendement de + 139 kg ha-1 et + 214 kg ha-1 de coton graine, respectivement à Kouaré et Farako-bâ. Par rapport au témoin sans KCl, les doses de potassium n'ont pas eu d'effets significatifs sur le nombre de capsules, le pourcentage de fibre, le seed index (poids de 100 graines) ainsi que les caractéristiques technologiques de la fibre. En dépit de l'utilisation de la fumure minérale vulgarisée, les bilans potassiques étaient déficitaires. Mais les apports de KCl ont permis d'atténuer ces déficits et même d'assurer des bilans excédentaires. L'apport de 50 kg ha-1 de KCl pourrait être associé à la fumure minérale vulgarisée sur le cotonnier pour son efficacité sur le rendement et l'amélioration du bilan potassique du sol.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Sol ferrugineux, potassium, cotonnier, rendement, Burkina FasoEnglish Title:  Effects of potassium fertilization of lixisols on mineral nutrition and productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Burkina FasoEnglish AbstractTo evaluate potassium fertilization effects on the cotton yield and fiber quality characteristics, two years study was conducted on two experimental stations, located in West and East Burkina Faso. Treatments were five rates of potassium chloride (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100 kg ha-1 KCl) associated to the recommended mineral fertilizer (150 kg ha-1 of 14-18-18-6S-1B + 50 kg ha-1 urea) of cotton. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design. The cotton plant nutrition, yields and its components and fiber characteristics were evaluated. The cotton plant K nutrition at 70 days after emergence and cotton-seed yields were significantly improved by applied rates of potassium compared to the control. KCl application rates of 75 and 100 kg ha -1 were statistically equivalent to 50 kg ha -1 which gave a surplus cotton-seed production of 139 kg ha-1 and 214 kg ha-1, respectively in Kouaré and Farako-bâ. Compared to the control without KCl, potassium didn’t have significant effects on bolls production, fiber yield and quality, and seed index. Despite the use of recommended mineral fertilization rate, the soil K balance was negative. Potassium application reduces the K deficits and ensures positive soil K balance. Use of KCl at 50 kg ha-1 with the recommended mineral fertilizer could be done to improve cotton yield and soil K balance.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Lixisols, potassium, cotton, yield, Burkina Fas

Export papaya post-harvest protection by fungicides and the problems of the maximal limit of residues

The post-harvest maturity of papaya fruits is influenced by several environmental factors including temperature, light and ventilation of the surrounding wall. The maturity, presence and attacks or rots, and the accumulation of fungicide residues in the papaya was evaluated on papaya fruits treated with different fungicide. Thiabendazole-treated fruits did not rot 21 days after treatment and this fungicide was the most satisfactory with detected residues lower than the European Union's 2000/48/EC guideline. Key Words: Post-harvest, papaya, fungicides, phytotoxic, thiabendazole, residues maximal limit. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.4(1) 2005: 109-11

Land use change detection between Tarsus - Karataş in Lower Seyhan plain with spectral angle mapper technique

Yaşam alanlarını oluşturan kara parçalarının bilinçsiz ve kontrolsüz kullanımı nedeni ile ortaya çıkan olumsuzlukların, doğada neden olduğu tahribatı engellemeye yönelik doğayı ve doğal kaynakları koruma düşüncesi arazi kullanım planlamalarının önemini artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Çukurova’nın güney kesiminde ekolojik olarak öneme sahip olan doğal koruma alanlarından biri olan Akyatan yaban hayatı geliştirme sahasını da içeren ve Ramsar koruma alanlarının da yer aldığı, bir kısmı ile Seyhan ovası içerisinde bulunan Tarsus (Mersin) ile Karataş (Adana) arasındaki bölgede, 1985, 2000 ve 2019 yılları arasındaki arazi kullanımında meydana gelen değişimler incelenmiştir. Analizlerde 30 m mekânsal çözünürlüğe sahip Landsat-5TM 1985, Landsat-5TM 2000 ve Landsat-8 OLI 2019 uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Uydu görüntüleriyle öncelikli olarak geometrik, radyometrik kalibrasyon ve atmosferik düzenlemelerden oluşan ön işleme çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arazi kullanım değişim tespitinde Spektral Açı haritalama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre 1985-2019 yılları arasında yerleşim, ekili olmayan tarım, orman ve yarı doğal ve lagün/göller alanlarında %192, %37, %7 ve %8’lik büyüme gelişirken, çıplak ve ekili tarım alanlarda ise %43 ve %21’lik oranlarda azalmalar meydana gelmiştir. Aynı zamanda ülkemizde bulunan aktif fay hatlarından biri olan Karataş fayı civarında 500, 1000 ve 2000 m’lik tampon bölgeler içerisinde yerleşim birimlerinde meydana gelen değişimler değerlendirilmiştir. Karataş fayı civarında ise yerleşimin 1985 ile 2019 yılları arasında yapılaşmaların %192 oranında arttığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan kontrollü sınıflama çalışmalarının doğruluğu kappa istatistiği ile değerlendirilmiş olup 1985, 2000 ve 2019 yılları için sırasıyla 0.80, 0.84, 0.87 olarak hesaplanmıştırThe idea of protecting the nature and natural resources in order to prevent the damages caused by unconscious and uncontrolled use of the land pieces constituting the habitats increases the importance of land use planning. The region between Tarsus (Mersin) and Karataş (Adana) located in the Ramsar protected areas, including the Akyatan wildlife development area, which is one of the ecologically important natural conservation areas in the southern part of Çukurova is selected to be examined the land use changes between 1985, 2000 and 2019 in this study. Landsat-5TM 1985, Landsat-5TM 2000 and Landsat-8 OLI 2019 satellite images with a spatial resolution of 30 m were used in the analyzes. Pretreatment studies, which consist primarily of geometric, radiometric calibration and atmospheric arrangements, have been performed with satellite images. Spectral Angle mapping method was used for land use change detection. According to the results obtained, growth of 192%, 37%, 7% and 8% growth in settlement, non-cultivated agriculture, forest and semi-natural and lagoon / lakes areas between 1985-2019, and 43% and 21% in bare and cultivated agricultural areas Decreases in rates of 21 have occurred. It was determined that the settlements around the Karataş fault increased by 192% between 1985 and 2019. The accuracy of the controlled classification studies was evaluated with kappa statistics and calculated as 0,80, 0,84, 0,87 for 1985, 2000 and 2019, respectively

Isolement par partition bio guidé du principe actif myostimulant de l’extrait aqueux de Mareya micrantha (Benth) Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)

Objectif: Isoler le principe actif myostimulant de l’extrait aqueux de Mareya micrantha (MAR) lors de sa partition dans différents solvants (70 % éthanol / eau ; 50 % cyclohexane / eau et 50 % acétate d’éthyle / eau), en utilisant le duodénum isolé de lapin comme marqueur de l’activité pharmacologique, afin d’identifier la fraction possédant la meilleure activité myostimulante.Méthodologie et résultats: le dispositif d’enregistrement de l’activité mécanique du duodénum isolé de lapin, a permis d’évaluer les propriétés pharmacologiques de MAR, des fractions ((hydro-alcoolique) F1, (cyclohexanique) F2, (aqueuse) F3, (acétate d’éthyle) F4 et (aqueuse) F5) et précipité (P) obtenus par partition de MAR dans différents solvants (70 % éthanol / eau ; 50 % cyclohexane / eau et 50 % acétate d’éthyle / eau). Les effets myostimulants de MAR diminuent fortement en milieu physiologique sans calcium et contenant de l’EDTA. Les fractions, hydro-alcoolique (F1), aqueuses (F3 ; F5), et le précipité (P) obtenus par partition de MAR, stimulent l’activité contractile du duodénum de lapin. La fraction acétate d’éthyle (F4) est myorelaxante, La F2 (cyclo-hexanique) est sans effet. L’étude dose réponse de F5 à des concentrations allant de 20 à 240 Ig. mL-1, montre qu’elle est 120 % plus spasmogène que MAR. Ces effets inotropes positifs de F5 sont inhibés par l’atropine.Conclusion et application: Les principes actifs myostimulants de MAR augmenteraient l’amplitude des contractions du duodénum isolé de lapin en mobilisant principalement le calcium extracellulaire puis intracellulaire comme en témoigne le résultat de l’expérience avec l’EDTA. La forte activité spasmogène de la F5 et l’expérience avec l’atropine, suggèrent que la partition de MAR a enrichi la F5 en principe actifs myostimulants de nature cholinergique. Ces données indiquent que la partition peut contribuer à isoler de manière significative les principes actifs des plantes médicinales, y compris ceux de MAR aux propriétés myostimulantes, justifiant son utilisation comme laxatif.Mots clés: Mareya micrantha, fractions, myostimulant, AtropineEnglish AbstractObjective: To isolate the myostimulant active principle in Mareya micrantha (MAR) aqueous extract during its partition in different solvents (70% aqueous-ethanol, 50% aqueous-cyclohexane and 50% aqueous ethylacetate), while using the isolated rabbit duodenum as a pharmacological activity marker in order to identify the fraction having the best myostimulant activity.Methodology and results: The mechanical activity recording device of the isolated rabbit duodenum, allowed the assessment of the pharmacological properties of MAR, ((Hydro-alcoholic) F1, (cyclohexane) F2, (aqueous) F3, (ethylacetate) F4, (aqueous) F5) fractions and the precipitate (P) obtained by MAR partition in different solvents (70% aqueous-ethanol, 50% aqueous-cyclohexane and 50% aqueous-ethylacetate). The myostimulant effects of MAR decrease strongly in physiological environment without calcium and in presence of the EDTA. The Hydro-alcoholic (F1) and aqueous fractions (F3; F5), and the precipitate (P) stimulate the rabbit duodenum contractile activity. The ethylacetate fraction (F4) is myorelaxant; the cyclohexane fraction (F2) has no effect. The Dose-response study of F5 with concentrations ranging from 20 to 240-Ig. ml -1, shows that it is 120% more spasmogen than MAR. These inotropic positive effects of aqueous fraction (F5) are inhibited by atropine.Conclusion and application: The myostimulant active principles of MAR increased the amplitude of the contractions of the isolated rabbit duodenum by mainly mobilizing the extracellular calcium then the intracellular calcium as with EDTA. The high spasmogen activity of the aqueous fraction (F5) and the experiences with atropine suggest that this partition of MAR enriched the F5 in myostimulant active principles of cholinergic nature. These data indicate that the partition can significantly contribute to isolate the active principles from MAR with myostimulant properties, justifying its use as laxative.Keywords: Mareya micrantha, fractions, myostimulant, Atropin

Impact of Jatropha plantation on soil chemical and biological properties in the South Sudanian region in Burkina Faso

In Burkina Faso, about 100,000 ha of Jatropha were planted during the past 10 years. Despite this enthusiasm, few results exist on the impact of the plant on soil properties. This study contributes to better knowledge of Jatropha farming and was carried out in 2013 with Jatropha farmers in Torokoro and Tin villages in the south Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso (rainfall 900-1200 mm). Data collection plots of 400 m2 repeated 3 times were installed in 3 farmers’ fields in each village. Soil samples were collected at 3 distances (D0= under the crown, D1= 1m and D2= 2m) from the Jatropha trees lines and in a fallow as a control sample for each field. The results showed significant differences between distances for soil pH. Soil nutrients increase with distance from the crown (from 9.33% to 12.20%) for available phosphorus in Torokoro-6 years and decrease from 22.45% to 23.71% in Torokoro-2 years). Soil respiration and microbial biomass decreases also with distance. The density of spores of mycorrhizal fungi is higher for the control soils (14.64%) and it decreases from crown to 2m (from 2.22% to 9.53% in Tin-2 years). The study showed the contribution of Jatropha trees on soil fertility improvement.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Jatropha, soil biology, microbial biomass, carbon, nitrogen, Burkina Fas