Disturbance decoupled observers for systems with unknown inputs

This note deals with the design of reduced-order disturbance decoupled scalar functional observers for linear systems with unknown inputs. Based on a parametric approach, existence conditions are derived and a design procedure for finding reduced-order scalar functional observers is given. The derived existence conditions are relaxed and the procedure can find first-order disturbance decoupled scalar functional observers for some cases where the number of unknown inputs is more than the number of outputs. Also, the observer matching condition, which is the necessary requirement for the design of state observers for linear systems with unknown inputs, is not required. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the attractiveness of the proposed design method.<br /

Characterization of O-glycan binding lectin from the red alga Hydropuntia eucheumatoides

The red alga, Hydropuntia eucheumatoides is one of the algal genera from which agar is commercially extracted, and is the main source of agar in the world. The lectin HEL from the red alga H. eucheumatoides was isolated by a combination of aqueous ethanol extraction, ethanol precipitation, ion exchange and filtration chromatography. Lectin gave a single band with molecular mass of 17,000 Da in both non-reducing and reducing SDS-PAGE conditions, therefore lectin exists in monomeric form. The hemagglutination activities of HEL were stable over a wide range of pH from 3 to 10, temperature up 60 oC and not affected by either the presence of EDTA or addition of divalent cations, indicating that lectin requires no metal for biological activity. The hemagglutination activities of HEL were not inhibited by monosaccharides and glycoproteins, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-xylose, N-acety-D-mannosamine, transferin, fetuin and yeast mannan, but strongly inhibited by monosaccharides containing  acetamido groups at equatorial C2 position, such as N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid and glycoprotein porcine stomach mucin bearing O-glycans. Thus, lectin is specific for O-glycans and  may recognize the sequences GalNAcαSer/Thr, GalNAc(α1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)]Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)GalNAc- and GluNAc(α1-4)Gal- under interacting with the acetamido groups at equatorial C2 position of the terminal sugar residues in oligosaccharide structures of O-glycans. The red alga H. eucheumatoides could promise to be a source of valuable lectins for application in biochemistry and biomedicine

Evaluate the Results at Minimum 2-Years of Treating Rotator Cuff Tear by Arthroscopic Surgery

BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff tear (RCT) is a common injury of the shoulder, especially middle-aged people. Nonoperative treatment, cortisone injections are only effective at an early stage. Open surgery causes postoperative atrophy of the deltoid muscle, so results are limited. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery has been performed in Vietnam for about ten years, with many advantages such as the ability to accurately assess the lesions and less invasive procedure. In order to have a clearer view, we performed a mid-term assessment of the effectiveness of this surgery. AIM: Evaluate results over 2 years of patients with rotator cuff tears treated with arthroscopic surgery and their quality of life. METHOD: A group of 30 patients were diagnosed with RCT and surgery by arthroscopy to treat at Hanoi Medical University Hospital and Saint Paul Hospital between Jun 2015 and April 2017. The results of the surgeries were assessed by the degree of pain, muscle power, motion of the shoulder joint according to UCLA shoulder score. Evaluate the quality of life through the Rotator Cuff-Quality of Life (RC-QoL) index. RESULTS: The average age was 60.7 years. Female / male ratio was 1.3. Thirty-six months ± 6.41 was the average follow-up time (min 27 – max 50 months). The shoulder function is recorded according to UCLA has an average score of 30.9, therein good and excellent result were 90 %. The mean RC-QoL index was 91.5%. CONCLUSION: Treatment of RCT by arthroscopic surgery that has been evaluated for a minimum of 2 years follow-up showed good results and high quality of patient’s life

KOPPA: Improving Prompt-based Continual Learning with Key-Query Orthogonal Projection and Prototype-based One-Versus-All

Drawing inspiration from prompt tuning techniques applied to Large Language Models, recent methods based on pre-trained ViT networks have achieved remarkable results in the field of Continual Learning. Specifically, these approaches propose to maintain a set of prompts and allocate a subset of them to learn each task using a key-query matching strategy. However, they may encounter limitations when lacking control over the correlations between old task queries and keys of future tasks, the shift of features in the latent space, and the relative separation of latent vectors learned in independent tasks. In this work, we introduce a novel key-query learning strategy based on orthogonal projection, inspired by model-agnostic meta-learning, to enhance prompt matching efficiency and address the challenge of shifting features. Furthermore, we introduce a One-Versus-All (OVA) prototype-based component that enhances the classification head distinction. Experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method empowers the model to achieve results surpassing those of current state-of-the-art approaches by a large margin of up to 20%

“False Patellar Duplication†Originated from Synovial Osteochondromatosis in Knee Joint: A Rare Case Report

BACKGROUND: “False patellar duplication†is a situation where there are two pieces in the position of a knee-joint like patella. It can derive from cartilage tumors, soft tissue tumors, or gout tumors, or due to the heterotopic ossification, forming a sub patella in the knee joint. CASE REPORT: A woman, 57 years old, healthy history, she has hospitalized for right knee joint pain since 2 years. Diagnosis: the synovial osteochondromatosis of the right knee. We decided to conduct and arthroscopy and removal. After 18 months surgery, the patient knee joint is currently good, range of motion (ROM) (-10)°- 0°-160°, Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale 85/100 point. CONCLUSION: This is the second case in the world and the first case in Vietnam. This is an experience in the process of diagnosis, arthroscopic treatment and differentiation from the "double patellae" status

New H∞ control design for polytopic systems with mixed time-varying delays in state and input

This paper concerns with the problem of state-feedback H&infin; control design for a class of linear systems with polytopic uncertainties and mixed time-varying delays in state and input. Our approach can be described as follows. We first construct a state-feedback controller based on the idea of parameter-dependent controller design. By constructing a new parameter-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF), we then derive new delay-dependent conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities ensuring the exponential stability of the corresponding closed-loop system with a H&infin; disturbance attenuation level. The effectiveness and applicability of the obtained results are demonstrated by practical examples

Primary Cementless Bipolar Long Stem Hemiarthroplasty for Unstable Osteoporotic Intertrochanteric Fracture in the Elderly Patients

BACKGROUND: Intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) is a major part of fracture in femoral head fracture. 95% of ITF are found in elderly patients. Osteosynthese is the preferred method of choice. However, elderly patients had osteoporotic, combined with many of chronic disease conditions that increase the rate of osteosynthese failure. Hemiarthroplasty bipolar long-stem is a surgical method that helps patients relieve pain, facilitate early rehabilitation, limit long-term complications, and improve quality of life for patients. AIM: The aim of our study is to evaluate the clinical of result of primary cementless bipolar long stem hemiarthroplasty in treatment for unstable ITF in the elderly patients who have severe osteoporosis. METHODS: Between 01/2016 and 12/2017, 35 patients with ITF type A2.2 and A2.3 (AO) were included in our prospective study. These patients were over 70 years old and treatment by hemiarthroplasty cementless long stem at E hospital and Saint Paul hospital by one group surgeons. RESULTS: Mean age of studied subjects was 84.29 ± 6.17, the lowest was 71, the highest was 96; ratio male/female was 1/4. Follow-up of 35 patients for at least 6 months showed 88.6% caused by a low-energy injury; Average rehabilitation time was 4.63 ± 1.7 days. The average Harris point at the end was 90.4 ± 4.72. CONCLUSION: Primary cementless bipolar long stem hemiarthroplasty is one of good choices in treatment unstable ITF in elderly patients with severe osteoporosis helped patients improve the quality of life

Environment and Other Problems in Construction Sector - Case of Vietnam Industrial Zones

The purpose of this paper is to address ENVIRONMENT AND OTHER PROBLEMS IN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR - CASE OF VIETNAM INDUSTRIAL ZONES. In this paper, we suggest that Vietnam cities should have policies to encourage and give priority support to production and business establishments that apply clean and environmentally friendly technologies such as gas technology instead of coal technology, firewood in ceramic production, and charcoal production. Bees make use of the residues of buckwheat. High technology is a progressive and inevitable trend to solve environmental pollution in craft villages and industrial zones

Improving Multi-task Learning via Seeking Task-based Flat Regions

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) is a widely-used and powerful learning paradigm for training deep neural networks that allows learning more than one objective by a single backbone. Compared to training tasks separately, MTL significantly reduces computational costs, improves data efficiency, and potentially enhances model performance by leveraging knowledge across tasks. Hence, it has been adopted in a variety of applications, ranging from computer vision to natural language processing and speech recognition. Among them, there is an emerging line of work in MTL that focuses on manipulating the task gradient to derive an ultimate gradient descent direction to benefit all tasks. Despite achieving impressive results on many benchmarks, directly applying these approaches without using appropriate regularization techniques might lead to suboptimal solutions on real-world problems. In particular, standard training that minimizes the empirical loss on the training data can easily suffer from overfitting to low-resource tasks or be spoiled by noisy-labeled ones, which can cause negative transfer between tasks and overall performance drop. To alleviate such problems, we propose to leverage a recently introduced training method, named Sharpness-aware Minimization, which can enhance model generalization ability on single-task learning. Accordingly, we present a novel MTL training methodology, encouraging the model to find task-based flat minima for coherently improving its generalization capability on all tasks. Finally, we conduct comprehensive experiments on a variety of applications to demonstrate the merit of our proposed approach to existing gradient-based MTL methods, as suggested by our developed theory.Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures, 6 table

Preliminary Result of Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Anterior Half of Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft

BACKGROUND: Anthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is one of the most successful operations in sports medicine. At present, ligament autografts have been the best method due to good histocompatibility, rapid healing, no cross-contamination, and low cost of treatment. However, autografts do not have infinite amount and are also not always feasible. Anterior half of peroneus longus tenden autograft is likely to become a source of autograft with many advantages. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of anthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using anterior half of peroneus longus tendon autograft (AHPLT). AIM: To evaluate the initial outcome of ACL reconstruction arthroscopy by anterior half of peroneus longus tendon. METHODS: This is a prospective non-controlled case series. RESULTS: A prospective study on 30 patients (from 9 / 2016 to 01 / 2019) had both ACL and MCL injury who had operated ACL reconstruction using anterior half of peroneus longus tendon autograft (AHPLT) at Department of General Orthopaedic and Trauma, Viet Duc hospital. Our outcome: the year average 35.4 ys, the rate of ACL rupture combined with meniscus injury was 40%. The average diameter AHPLT autograft is 7.0 mm. The function Lysholm scores improved from 59 to 94.27 postoperative 6 months. No difference beetwen the AOFAS scale of preoperative and postoperative. CONCLUSION: Peroneus longus tendon is recommended to be a safe and practical autograft resource for anthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction