Prevalence and risk factors for Pulmonary Embolism (PE) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) during Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD)

Introduction: COPD patients are at high risk for PE and DVT due to immobility, inflammation, comorbidities.Prevalence of PE during AECOPD is uncertain and often under-diagnosed.Material and methods: Single-center, prospective, an observational trial of 100 hospitalized patients with AECOPD, diagnosed according to GOLD criteria, 40–75 years, stratified according to airflow limitation (I–IV), divided into subgroups (PE-diagnosed/non-PE and with known/ undetermined exacerbation etiology).Investigations: clinical risk assessment, electrocardiogram (ECG), laboratory, spirometry, gas-analysis, D-dimer (DD), chest X-ray, thoracic ultrasonography (TUS), Doppler-ultrasonography of deep-veins of lower-extremities (DULE). Patients with high DD and DVT or high DD and abnormal TUS underwent computed-tomography pulmonary-angiography (CTPA).Results: PE was diagnosed in 26 (26.0%), DVT in 5 (5.0%) of hospitalized AECOPD patients. There was a positive correlation between COPD-severity and PE. Frequencies of PE in GOLD-stages I, IV, were 0 (0.0%), 3 (11.5%), 8 (30.7%), 15 (57.7%) respectively. Patients with pleuritic chest-pain, TUS abnormality, phlebitis and high DD were more likely to develop PE. Localization was subsegmental in 9 (34.6%), in one of the main pulmonary arteries 7 (26.9%), lobar and interlobar arteries in 10 (38.5%). DD was significantly higher among patients with PE than those without (3.34 ± 1.1 μg/mL vs. 2.2 ± 0.8μg/mL, P < 0.0001). There was positive correlation between the presence of PE and elevated DD > 2.0 μg/mL (P = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference between patients with PE and without, according to age, gender and comorbidities (P > 0.05). Immobility and obesity were significantly higher among PE patients, P = 0.032 and P < 0.0001 respectively.Conclusion: AECOPD associated with pleuritic chest pain, immobility, high DD, should be considered for PE. Chest-ultrasound, as a low-cost and safe procedure, can be a very helpful investigation

Early and Late Complications in Patients with Allogeneic Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell – Case Report

BACKGROUND: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) is a curative intervention in patients with haematological malignant and non-malignant diseases, immunodeficiency, autoimmune, and other genetic diseases. Early complications are complications that are occurring in the first 100 days, while complications arising after the 100th day of transplantation belong to late complications.CASE REPORT: Forty-nine years old patient with AML treated with allogeneic HSCT from HLA-identical (sister) donor. Ascertained and display of early (acute Graft versus host disease (GvHD) and late complications (chronic GVHD, infections, cataract, secondary malignancy with MS deposits) are made, that emerged after the patient transplantation.CONCLUSION: Rapidly growing population of patients that undergo allogeneic HSCT creates an obligation to educate patients and physicians about observed late complications that occur after this therapy

Alergijska bronhopulmonalna aspergiloza (ABPA) bez istorije bronhijalne astme

Plućne bolesti povezane sa aspergilusom su spektar poremećaja kao što su aspergilom, invazivna aspergiloza i alergijska bronhopulmonalna aspergiloza (ABPA). ABPA je imunološka bronhopulmonalna inflamacija (reakcija preosetljivosti disajnih puteva) zbog imunološkog odgovora donjih respiratornih puteva protiv Aspergillus fumigatus. Glavni dijagnostički kriterijumi za ABPA su 1) bronhijalna astma, 2) plućna infiltracija, 3) eozinofilija periferne krvi, 4) pozitivan kožni test na Aspergillus fumigatus, 5) precipitin u serumu na Aspergillus semulino E fumigatus (E6) globulin E6) ), i 7) centralne bronhiektazije. Dijagnozu ABPA treba razmotriti kod astmatičara svih uzrasta. Evolucija bolesti obuhvata pet faza od akutnog do fibroznog stadijuma uključujući plućnu fibrozu i respiratornu insuficijencij

Извештај за финансиската состојба-подготовка и анализа

Во финансиското сметководство, билансот на состојба или како што се почесто се среќава – извештајот за финансиска состојба, претставува преглед на сите средства, обврски и капитал на една компанија. Тој претставува слика за финансиската состојба на компанијата во еден момент. За разлика од извештајот за финансиска состојба, извештајот за финансискиот успех претставува периодичен финансиски извештај, кој го прикажува остварениот финансиски резултат на компанијата, за еден пресметковен период, најчесто една година. Само заедно, како целина, сите финансиски извештаи даваат целосна слика за работењето на една компанија. Ниту еден финансиски извештај не е поважен од останатите. Стандардниот извештај за финансиска состојба содржи три сегменти: средства, обврски и сопственички капитал. Секоја од овие категории се состои од бројни сметководствени ставки, преку кои се евидентираат различните видови на средства, обврски и капитал кои ги поседува компанијата. Сочинувањето на извештајот за финансиска состојба се заснова на основниот принцип на билансна рамнотежа, што значи дека вредноста на вкупните средства мора да бидат еднакви на вкупните обврски на компанијата. Содржината на одделните ставки во извештајот за финансиска состојба се разликува кај различните компании и индустрии, па така, не постои шаблон кој прецизно би се почитувал од страна на различните видови на бизниси. Секој извештај за финансиска состојба го одразува карактерот на дејноста, големината и комплексноста на работење на компанијата за која се однесува. Клучни зборови: извештај, состојба, средства, обврски, капитал, анализ

Финансиската рацио анализа – основа за донесување на одлуки за инвестирање

Финансиските извештаи сами по себе не им нудат информации на стејкхолдерите за успешноста на работењето на компаниите. Со текот на времето менаџерите и финансиските аналитичари развиле свои техники со кои би погледнале подлабоко во самите финансиски извештаи , би дошле до информации за минатото и тековното работење на компаниите и би направиле предвидувања за нивните идни перформанси. Една од овие техники е токму финансиската рацио анализа која вклучува пресметка на голем број на финансиски показатели. Финансиските показатели претставуваат однос помеѓу две ставки од финансиските извештаи и како такви претставуваат основа за утврдување на сите недостатоци и пропусти , но и појдовна точна за преземање на корективни мерки и подобрување на работењето на компаниите. Клучни зборови: показател, перформанси, анализа, инвестирање, добивка, дивиденд

ИЗВЕШТАЈ ЗА ФИНАНСИСКАТА СОСТОЈБА – ПОДГОТОВКА И АНАЛИЗА

In financial accounting, a balance sheet also called the statement of financial condition, is a summary of a company’s assets, liabilities, and owners equity. A balance sheet is often described as a ‘‘snapshot of a company’s financial condition’‘. The income statement, in contrast, shows the company’s revenues and profits over a certain period. One statement is not better than the other; together they present a complete picture of a company’s finances. A standard company balance sheet has three segments: assets, liabilities and ownership equity. Each of the three segments of the balance sheet has many accounts within it, documenting the value of each one. Accounts such as cash, inventory, and property are on the asset side of the balance sheet, and accounts such as accounts payable and long-term debt fall on the liability side. Balance sheets are usually presented with assets in one section and liabilities and net worth in the other section with the two sections ‘‘balancing’‘. Accounts on a balance sheet differ by company and by industry, as there is no set template that accurately accommodates the differences between different types of businesses

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of leaves essential oil of Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) grown in Republic of Macedonia

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils isolated from leaves of three different samples of wild growing Juniperus communis L. (Cupressaceae) from R. Macedonia was investigated. Essential oil yield ranged from 7.3 to 9.0 ml/kg. Performing GC/ FID/MS analysis, ninety components were identified, representing 86.07-93.31% of the oil. The major components of the leaves essential oil (LEO) were α-pinene (21.37-28.68%) and sabinene (2.29-16.27%), followed by limonene, terpinen-4-ol, β-elemene, trans-(E)-caryophyllene, germacrene D and δ-cadinene. Antimicrobial screening of the LEO was made by disc diffusion and broth dilution method against 16 bacterial isolates of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and one strain of Candida albicans. Two bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were sensitive to antimicrobial activity of LEO (MIC = 125 µl/ml). Additionally, LEO showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae, Haemophilus influnzae, Corynebacterium spp. and Campylobacter jejuni (MIC > 500 µl/ml). Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter spp., Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis were completely resistant to the antimicrobial effects of this

Antimicrobial activity of berries and leaves essential oils of Macedonian Juniperus foetidissima Willd. (Cupressaceae)

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of leaves and berries essential oils from Juniperus foetidissima Willd. (Cupressaceae) grown in R. Macedonia (RM) was investigated. GC/FID/MS analysis was carried out and 93 components were identified, representing 89.7-96.5% of the oils. The major components of the berries essential oil were α-pinene (19.2%), limonene (24.9%) and cedrol (23.1%), followed by smaller amounts of b-funebrene, trans-caryophyllene, germacrene D and d-cadinene. The composition of the leaves essential oil was variable depending on the region of collection. Accordingly, samples originated from southeastern RM contained essential oil with α-pinene (67.6%) and limonene (10.0%), from central part of RM with limonene (17.9-27.1%) and cedrol (28.8-33.9%), while samples from southwestern RM contained oil with terpinen-4-ol (19.1%), cis-thujone (8.3%), germacrene D (11.0%) and d-cadinene (6.3%) as predominant components in the oil. Antimicrobial screening of the essential oils was made by disc diffusion and broth dilution method against 16 bacterial strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and one strain of Candida albicans. The leaves essential oil showed stronger antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae (MIC = 125 ml/ml) and moderate activity against Campylobacter jejuni (MIC > 500 ml/ml). Other investigated bacterial strains and Candida albicans were completely resistant to the antimicrobial activity of J. foetidissima essential oils

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of berry essential oil of Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae) grown wild in Republic of Macedonia

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil isolated from berries from 2 different samples of Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae), growing wild in Republic of Macedonia was investigated. Performing GC/FID/MS analysis, one hundred components were identified, representing 96.0-98.95% of the oil. The major components were α-pinene (22.54- 27.12%), myrcene (11.26- 15.13%) and limonene (2.78-18.06%). Antimicrobial screening of the J. oxycedrus essential oils was made by disc diffusion and broth dilution method against 16 bacterial isolates of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and one strain of Candida albicans. The most sensitive bacteria was Haemophilus influenzae (MIC = 125 ml/ml). The essential oils showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium spp., Escherichia coli and Campilobacter jejuni (MIC > 500 ml/ml) and no activity against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter spp., Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella flexnery, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus and Proteus mirabilis

Analytical Techniques for Phytocannabinoid Profiling of Cannabis and Cannabis-Based Products—A Comprehensive Review

Cannabis is gaining increasing attention due to the high pharmacological potential and updated legislation authorizing multiple uses. The development of time- and cost-efficient analytical methods is of crucial importance for phytocannabinoid profiling. This review aims to capture the versatility of analytical methods for phytocannabinoid profiling of cannabis and cannabis-based products in the past four decades (1980–2021). The thorough overview of more than 220 scientific papers reporting different analytical techniques for phytocannabinoid profiling points out their respective advantages and drawbacks in terms of their complexity, duration, selectivity, sensitivity and robustness for their specific application, along with the most widely used sample preparation strategies. In particular, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, are presented and discussed. Acquired knowledge of phytocannabinoid profile became extremely relevant and further enhanced chemotaxonomic classification, cultivation set-ups examination, association of medical and adverse health effects with potency and/or interplay of certain phytocannabinoids and other active constituents, quality control (QC), and stability studies, as well as development and harmonization of global quality standards. Further improvement in phytocannabinoid profiling should be focused on untargeted analysis using orthogonal analytical methods, which, joined with cheminformatics approaches for compound identification and MSLs, would lead to the identification of a multitude of new phytocannabinoids