The Spectroscopic Properties of Ly{\alpha}-Emitters at z ≈\approx 2.7: Escaping Gas and Photons from Faint Galaxies

We present a spectroscopic survey of 318 faint $(R\sim 27$, $L\sim0.1L_*)$, Ly{\alpha}-emission-selected galaxies (LAEs) at 2.5<z<3. A sample of 32 LAEs with rest-frame optical spectra from Keck/MOSFIRE are used to interpret the LAE spectra in the context of their systemic redshifts. We find that the Ly{\alpha} emission of LAEs is typically less spectrally extended than among samples of more luminous continuum-selected galaxies (LBGs) at similar redshifts. Using the MOSFIRE subsample, we find that the peak of the Ly{\alpha} line is shifted by +200 km/s with respect to systemic across a diverse set of galaxies including both LAEs and LBGs. We also find a small number of objects with significantly blueshifted Ly{\alpha} emission, a potential indicator of accreting gas. The Ly{\alpha}-to-H{\alpha} line ratios suggest that the LAEs have Ly{\alpha} escape fractions $f_{\rm esc,Ly{\alpha}} \approx 30$%, significantly higher than typical LBG samples. Using redshifts calibrated by our MOSFIRE sample, we construct composite LAE spectra, finding the first evidence for metal-enriched outflows in such intrinsically-faint high-redshift galaxies. These outflows have smaller continuum covering fractions $(f_c \approx 0.3)$ and velocities $(v_{\rm ave} \approx 100-200$ km/s, $v_{\rm max} \approx 500$ km/s$)$ than those associated with typical LBGs, suggesting that gas covering fraction is a likely driver of the high Ly{\alpha} and Ly-continuum escape fractions of LAEs. Our results suggest a similar scaling of outflow velocity with star formation rate as is observed at lower redshifts $(v_{\rm outflow} \sim {\rm SFR}^{0.25})$ and indicate that a substantial fraction of gas is ejected with $v > v_{esc}$

OGO-E cosmic radiation - Nuclear abundance experiment

OGO-E cosmic radiation detector

Developing collaborative partnerships with culturally and linguistically diverse families during the IEP process

Family participation in the special education process has been federally mandated for 40 years, and educators recognize that effective collaboration with their students’ families leads to improved academic and social outcomes for students. However, while some family-school relationships are positive and collaborative, many are not, particularly for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) families. This article provides practice guidelines based in research for teachers who seek to improve their practices when working with CLD families who have children served by special education

Helios-2 Vela-Ariel-5 gamma-ray burst source position

The gamma-ray burst of 28 January 1976, one of 18 events thus far detected in interplanetary space with Helios-2, was also observed with the Vela-5A, -6A and the Ariel-5 satellites. A small source field is obtained from the intersection of the region derived from the observed time delays between Helios-2 and Vela-5A and -6A with the source region independently found with the Ariel-5 X-ray detector. This area contains neither any steady X-ray source as scanned by HEAO-A nor any previously catalogued X-ray, radio or infrared sources, X-ray transients, quasars, seyferts, globular clusters, flare stars, pulsars, white dwarfs or high energy gamma-ray sources. The region is however, within the source field of a gamma-ray transient observed in 1974, which exhibited nuclear gamma-ray line structure

Faith and failure in the gospel of Mark

The characters in Mark’s Gospel are animated and are of fundamental importance in his primary task of presenting the good news of Jesus Christ, the Son of God (Mk 1:1). Among his key characters are the disciples (including the Twelve) and an array of minor characters, many of whom are portrayed in a positive light and often function as foils for the disciples, Jesus’ family and the religious authorities. These characters are compared against one another in terms of their knowledge, faith and courage and in relation to Jesus, and the story of negation and failure which emerges becomes one of Mark’s primary motifs permeating the entire narrative, i.e. the wilful blindness of humanity vis‐à‐vis the appearance of its Messiah. Although Mark’s initial representation of the disciples is positive, they begin to demonstrate a lack of understanding which then becomes misunderstanding, eventually culminating in rejection. In spite of Jesus engaging with them in private teaching, their lack of faith and deficiencies continue to place his mission in jeopardy and they move from being ‘insiders’, who receive the secret of the kingdom of God (4:11a) to becoming more like ‘outsiders’ (6:52; 8:17‐18; cf. 4:11b‐12). Even when their confusion concerning Jesus’ identity is partially resolved with Peter’s confession at Caesarea Philippi, their obstinate misunderstanding of what messiahship means results in blindness preventing them from recognising the way of the cross which the Messiah must traverse and from accepting the full implications of true discipleship. In the narrative, Mark offers a converse portrait of select minor characters. These characters exhibit the work of the rule of God and their inclusion in the story serves as a counterbalance to the negation of the disciples. Mark divides these characters into two broad categories: the first are those who evince faith in Jesus and his proclamation on the incoming of the kingdom of God. They willingly repent and put their whole faith in God who acts through Jesus. The second category contains those characters who by their words, actions, or by their identities, convey the significance of service in the incoming kingdom and their role in the narrative is that of as exemplars of true discipleship. Accordingly they function as foils for Jesus’ disciples. Mark’s depiction of Jesus’ disciples has caused much scholarly debate concerning his possible theological motivations. Many scholars take the view that Mark’s theology incorporates a generally favourable estimation of the disciples, others that his depiction of them is balanced and a third group avows a primarily negative portrait. This dissertation is therefore an investigative and analytical study into Mark’s presentation of the failures of the disciples contrasted with the faith of the minor characters in his gospel and an exposition of the possible theological motives for the perceived ambiguities in his treatment of the disciples. Each of these motives will be considered in order to determine which of them is most likely to have been the author’s driving force

Faith, hope and fallacy: an idiographic exploration of the experiences of people with Multiple Sclerosis participating in research trials

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous degenerative disease of the central nervous system. It is usually diagnosed in people between 20 and 40 years of age. MS is the most common cause of non-traumatic disability in the young adult population and affects two to three times as many women than men. It is estimated that there are over 110 000 people living with MS in the United Kingdom. Currently MS has no cure although available disease modifying treatment (DMT) options have increased significantly over recent years. In order for these treatments to have gained authorisation for use, many clinical trials have been undertaken involving people with MS (pwMS). However, little is understood about the experience of participating in MS research. Moreover, evaluation of experience of taking part in research has been largely conducted using impersonal survey approaches to assess study conduct satisfaction or barriers to recruitment. Whilst there is extensive published literature cataloguing the nomothetic outcomes of completed MS DMT trials, the experiences of people with MS taking part in MS research has not previously been the specific focus of research. In this thesis, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) has been employed to understand the experiential meaning that exists for pwMS in taking part in MS research. Six semi-structured interviews have been conducted involving four participants who were recruited to long-term trials of pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Two participants were interviewed twice, one of whom had taken part in a study that was terminated prematurely. Interpretative phenomenological analysis of participant accounts revealed three key themes which comprised: benefits and harm of trial participation (physical and psychological), human connectedness within the trial setting, and aspects of self in connection with trial participation. The findings of this thesis indicate that self-efficacy (or activation), control, hope, altruism trust, power, therapeutic misunderstanding, enhanced care and shared decision making are important for pwMS taking part in research. Findings will be helpful to research clinicians to better understand research participation from the participant frame of reference and to improve communication, participant understanding and experience going forwar