Reflexiones y Aportes Del Consejo De Rectores De Universidades Privadas – CRUP – para la Revisión de Estándares y Actividades Profesionales Reservadas a las Titulaciones Incorporadas al Régimen Del Art. 43 LES

Considering the consensus on the need to revise the interpretation that the Council of Universities has made on Article 43 of the Higher Education Law, the experience gained over the years of its application and having introduced in the agenda of the committees of such Council the specific topic to start the treatment within the Academic Affairs Committee, we shall contribute to the debate with some reflections made within the Council of Rectors of Private Universities. The method will be predominantly exegetical, trying to unravel the true meaning of the law and its correlation with the concrete experience, which seems to have been taken away from there and therefore generates the need for its revision. The distance between the meaning and scope of the standard and the criteria and practices adopted for its implementation, is manifested in the following situations: • Increased number of careers seeking the inclusion in the regime of article 43. • Expansion of activities restricted exclusively to professional degrees. • Consultation mechanisms that demonstrate conflicts of interest. • Invasion of activities reserved for exclusivity. • Conflicts between professions incorporated into article 43. • Secondary motivations for the incorporation to the regime of article 43. • Overestimation of professions for their incorporation into the regime of art. 43. Existiendo consenso en torno a la necesidad de revisar la interpretación que viene efectuando el Consejo de Universidades sobre el artículo 43 de la LES, en el marco de la experiencia recogida a lo largo de los años de su vigencia y habiéndose introducido en el temario de comisiones de dicho Consejo un tópico específico para iniciar su tratamiento dentro de la Comisión de Asuntos Académicos, se aportan para el debate algunas reflexiones realizadas en el seno del CRUP. El método será predominantemente exegético, procurando desentrañar el verdadero sentido de la ley y su correlato con la experiencia concreta, de la cual parece haber tomado distancia y de allí la necesidad de revisión. Esta distancia entre el sentido y alcance de la norma y los criterios y prácticas adoptados para su aplicación, se manifiesta, entre otros, en las siguientes situaciones: •Incremento de Carreras que pretenden su inclusión al régimen del art. 43. •Ampliación de las actividades reservadas exclusivamente a los títulos profesionales. •Mecanismos de consulta que evidencian conflictos de interés. •Invasión de actividades reservadas con exclusividad. •Conflictos entre profesiones incorporadas al art. 43. •Motivaciones secundarias para la incorporación al régimen del art. 43. •Sobreestimación de profesiones para su incorporación al régimen del art. 43

Reflections and contributions from the Council of Rectors of Private Universities (Consejo De Rectores De Universidades Privadas – CRUP) for the revision of standards and professional activities subject to the degrees incorporated to the regime from Art 4

Considering the consensus on the need to revise the interpretation that the Council of Universities has made on Article 43 of the Higher Education Law, the experience gained over the years of its application and having introduced in the agenda of the committees of such Council the specific topic to start the treatment within the Academic Affairs Committee, we shall contribute to the debate with some reflections made within the Council of Rectors of Private Universities. The method will be predominantly exegetical, trying to unravel the true meaning of the law and its correlation with the concrete experience, which seems to have been taken away from there and therefore generates the need for its revision. The distance between the meaning and scope of the standard and the criteria and practices adopted for its implementation, is manifested in the following situations: • Increased number of careers seeking the inclusion in the regime of article 43. • Expansion of activities restricted exclusively to professional degrees. • Consultation mechanisms that demonstrate conflicts of interest. • Invasion of activities reserved for exclusivity. • Conflicts between professions incorporated into article 43. • Secondary motivations for the incorporation to the regime of article 43. • Overestimation of professions for their incorporation into the regime of art. 43. </p

The effect of Structural Fund spending

This paper uses a simple supply-side model estimated with a panel of regional data to quantify the growth and employment effects of the 1994-99 Community Support Framework (CSF) for the Objective 1 Spanish regions and to construct measures of the effectiveness of various types of CSF-financed expenditure. The results suggest that the impact of the Structural Funds in Spain has been quite sizable, adding around a percentage point to annual output growth in the average Objective 1 region and 0.4 points to employment growth. Over the period 1994-2000, the Framework has resulted in the creation of over 300,000 new jobs and has eliminated 20% of the initial gap in income per capita between the assisted regions and the rest of the country. Under plausible assumptions about the response of private investment, returns on direct public investment are significantly higher than those on subsidies to the private sector