4 research outputs found
Manifestation of solar activity in the global topside ion composition â a study based on satellite data
Tests of sunspot number sequences: 1. Using ionosonde data
More than 70 years ago it was recognised that ionospheric F2-layer critical frequencies [foF2] had a strong relationship to sunspot number. Using historic datasets from the Slough and Washington ionosondes, we evaluate the best statistical fits of foF2 to sunspot numbers (at each Universal Time [UT] separately) in order to search for drifts and abrupt changes in the fit residuals over Solar Cycles 17-21. This test is carried out for the original composite of the Wolf/ZĂŒrich/International sunspot number [R], the new âbackboneâ group sunspot number [RBB] and the proposed âcorrected sunspot numberâ [RC]. Polynomial fits are made both with and without allowance for the white-light facular area, which has been reported as being associated with cycle-to-cycle changes in the sunspot number - foF2 relationship. Over the interval studied here, R, RBB, and RC largely differ in their allowance for the âWaldmeier discontinuityâ around 1945 (the correction factor for which for R, RBB and RC is, respectively, zero, effectively over 20 %, and explicitly 11.6 %). It is shown that for Solar Cycles 18-21, all three sunspot data sequences perform well, but that the fit residuals are lowest and most uniform for RBB. We here use foF2 for those UTs for which R, RBB, and RC all give correlations exceeding 0.99 for intervals both before and after the Waldmeier discontinuity. The error introduced by the Waldmeier discontinuity causes R to underestimate the fitted values based on the foF2 data for 1932-1945 but RBB overestimates them by almost the same factor, implying that the correction for the Waldmeier discontinuity inherent in RBB is too large by a factor of two. Fit residuals are smallest and most uniform for RC and the ionospheric data support the optimum discontinuity multiplicative correction factor derived from the independent Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO) sunspot group data for the same interval
Manifestation of solar activity in the global topside ion composition − a study based on satellite data
The solar cycle variation of the most important parameters characterizing
the ion composition in the topside ionosphere is studied. For this purpose
data from the ACTIVE mission (the IK-24 satellite) for the maximum of
solar cycle 22 (aver F10.7~200), complemented by data available from
the Atmosphere Explorer (AE) satellites, for the minimum of solar cycle 21
(average F10.7~85), were processed. OGO-6 data from the low maximum
of solar cycle 20 (average F10.7~150) were used for medium solar
activity conditions. The results for the equinox from the recently developed
empirical model of ion composition are analyzed and presented, and typical
vertical profiles from solar maxima and minima are shown. It was found that
the logarithm of the O+, H+, He+, and N+ densities in
the topside ionosphere at a fixed altitude, latitude, and local time is, in
the first approximation, a linear function of solar activity characterized
by the daily F10.7. On the other hand, the upper transition height is
generally a non linear function of the daily F10.7, the deviation from
linear dependence increases with latitude.
Keywords. Ionosphere (Plasma temperature and density;
Ion chemistry and composition; Modeling and forecasting