Aplicación de la Clase Inversa en la Enseñanza de la Electrónica Analógica en un Grupo de Alto Rendimiento Académico

[EN] The need of increasing the participation of the student in the teaching and learning process at University has led to the concept of flip teaching. This methodology is characterized by the fact that the student works on the theoretical concepts independently and using mainly audiovisual materials. Later, the student works on applied activities in the teaching room under the teacher supervision, in order to reinforce his learning. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the impact of flip teaching in analog electronics in the Degree of Engineering in Electronics and Automatics. This methodology has been applied during the academic years 2014-2015, 2015- 2016, and 2016-2017 in the group of high academic performance (ARA group), in which English is the medium of instruction. 95% of our students considered that flip teaching was a very adecuate methodology for the teaching and learning process of this course. Furthermore, the evaluation methods based on the tool SOCRATIVE have been positevely accepted. Finally, the academic performance was higher in the ARA group with respect to the rest of the groups, which did not happen in previous years when no flip teaching was applied at all.[ES] De la necesidad de una mayor participación del alumnado universitario en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje ha surgido el concepto de la docencia inversa. Mediante el uso de esta metodología, el alumno trabaja, de manera independiente, los conceptos más teóricos, con la ayuda de material audiovisual principalmente. Posteriormente, en clase, el alumno realiza actividades más prácticas dirigidas por el profesor y así afianza los conceptos aprendidos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar el impacto de dicha metodología en la enseñanza de la electrónica analógica en la titulación de Grado en Ingeniería Electrónica y Automática. Se ha aplicado la docencia inversa en los cursos 2014-2015, 2015-2016 y 2016-2017 en el grupo de alto rendimiento académico, que cursa la asignatura en inglés. La valoración del alumnado ha sido muy positiva: un 95% del alumnado considera muy adecuada la metodología. Además, los métodos de evaluación mediante el uso de la herramienta SOCRATIVE se han valorado positivamente y el rendimiento académico del grupo ARA ha mejorado con respecto a los demás grupos, lo cual no sucedió en años anteriores cuando no se aplicaba la docencia inversa.Trénor Gomis, BA.; Prats Boluda, G.; Ye Lin, Y. (2017). Aplicación de la Clase Inversa en la Enseñanza de la Electrónica Analógica en un Grupo de Alto Rendimiento Académico. En In-Red 2017. III Congreso Nacional de innovación educativa y de docencia en red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 517-528. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2017.2017.6842OCS51752

Análisis del uso del póster científico y de la revisión por pares como herramienta desarrollo de la competencia comunicación efectiva en estudiantes de grado en ingeniería

[EN] Today’s society requires graduates who present a wide range of cross skills in addition to master the specific skills of their grade, as in the case of effective communication skill. In this paper the use of scientific-technical poster as a communication tool for undergraduate engineering students is studied, analyzing whether peer review teaching strategy can improve the students’ writing-visual communication skills. Additionally, the burden associated with the use of this strategy and the students’ degree of acceptance is studied. Experimental results indicate that both students and teachers have positively assessed the use of the scientific-technical poster as an effective tool for developing the students’ communication skills. Furthermore, peer review process has identified numerous common errors in the posters made by the students, improving their skill development without excessive additional burden. 92.3% of the surveyed students consider that peer review is a good teaching strategy for developing communication skills and it should be extended to other subjects and/or courses.[ES] La sociedad actual requiere de egresados que además de dominar las competencias específicas de su título presenten un amplio abanico de competencias transversales como es el caso de la comunicación efectiva. En el presente trabajo se valora el uso del póster científico-técnico como herramienta de comunicación para los alumnos de grado en ingeniería, analizando si el empleo de la revisión por pares permite a los estudiantes mejorar esta competencia. Asimismo se valora el grado de aceptación de esta metodología por parte del alumnado y si supone una carga adicional excesiva o no. Los resultados de la experiencia indican que tanto el alumnado como el profesorado valoran positivamente el desarrollo y defensa de un póster científico–técnico como herramienta de trabajo de la competencia comunicación efectiva. Además se evidencia que el proceso de la revisión por pares ha permitido identificar un gran número de errores presentes en los pósteres elaborados por los alumnos, ayudándoles a una mejor adhesión de la competencia, sin suponer una carga adicional excesiva.El 92.3% de los alumnos encuestados de la asignatura opinan que es una buena herramienta docente que debería emplearse en otras asignaturas y/o cursos.Prats Boluda, G.; Ye Lin, Y.; Trénor Gomis, BA. (2016). Análisis del uso del póster científico y de la revisión por pares como herramienta desarrollo de la competencia comunicación efectiva en estudiantes de grado en ingeniería. En In-Red 2016. II Congreso nacional de innovación educativa y docencia en red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2016.2016.4381OC

Arrhythmia Mechanism and Scaling Effect on the Spectral Properties of Electroanatomical Maps with Manifold Harmonics

[EN] Introduction: Spatial and temporal processing of intracardiac electrograms provides relevant information to support the arrhythmia ablation during electrophysio-logical studies. Current cardiac navigation systems (CNS) and electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) build detailed 3-D electroanatomical maps (EAM), which represent the spatial anatomical distribution of bioelectrical features, such as activation time or voltage. Objective: We present a principled methodology for spectral analysis of both EAM geometry and bioelectrical feature in CNS or ECGI, including their spectral representation, cutoff frequency, or spatial sampling rate (SSR). Methods: Existing manifold harmonic techniques for spectral mesh analysis are adapted to account for a fourth dimension, corresponding to the EAM bioelectrical feature. Appropriate scaling is required to address different magnitudes and units. Results: With our approach, simulated and real EAM showed strong SSR dependence on both the arrhythmia mechanism and the cardiac anatomical shape. For instance, high frequencies increased significantly the SSR because of the "early-meets-late" in flutter EAM, compared with the sinus rhythm. Besides, higher frequency components were obtained for the left atrium (more complex anatomy) than for the right atrium in sinus rhythm. Conclusion: The proposed manifold harmonics methodology opens the field toward new signal processing tools for principled EAM spatiofeature analysis in CNS and ECGI, and to an improved knowledge on arrhythmia mechanisms.This work was partly supported by Spanish Research Projects TEC2013-48439-C4-1-R, TEC2016-75361-R, and TEC2016-75161-C2-1-4.Sanroman-Junquera, M.; Mora-Jimenez, I.; Garcia-Alberola, A.; Caamano, AJ.; Trénor Gomis, BA.; Rojo-Alvarez, JL. (2018). Arrhythmia Mechanism and Scaling Effect on the Spectral Properties of Electroanatomical Maps with Manifold Harmonics. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (Online). 65(4):723-732. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2017.2716189S72373265

In silico assessment of drug safety in human heart applied to late sodium current blockers

Drug-induced action potential (AP) prolongation leading to Torsade de Pointes is a major concern for the development of anti-arrhythmic drugs. Nevertheless the development of improved anti-arrhythmic agents, some of which may block different channels, remains an important opportunity. Partial block of the late sodium current (INaL) has emerged as a novel anti-arrhythmic mechanism. It can be effective in the settings of free radical challenge or hypoxia. In addition, this approach can attenuate pro-arrhythmic effects of blocking the rapid delayed rectifying K+ current (IKr). The main goal of our computational work was to develop an in-silico tool for preclinical anti-arrhythmic drug safety assessment, by illustrating the impact of IKr/INaL ratio of steady-state block of drug candidates on “torsadogenic” biomarkers. The O’Hara et al. AP model for human ventricular myocytes was used. Biomarkers for arrhythmic risk, i.e., AP duration, triangulation, reverse rate-dependence, transmural dispersion of repolarization and electrocardiogram QT intervals, were calculated using single myocyte and one-dimensional strand simulations. Predetermined amounts of block of INaL and IKr were evaluated. “Safety plots” were developed to illustrate the value of the specific biomarker for selected combinations of IC50s for IKr and INaL of potential drugs. The reference biomarkers at baseline changed depending on the “drug” specificity for these two ion channel targets. Ranolazine and GS967 (a novel potent inhibitor of INaL) yielded a biomarker data set that is considered safe by standard regulatory criteria. This novel in-silico approach is useful for evaluating pro-arrhythmic potential of drugs and drug candidates in the human ventricle.This work was supported by (1) Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica, (2) Plan Avanza en el marco de la Accion Estrategica de Telecomunicaciones y Sociedad de la Informacion del Ministerio de Industria Turismo y Comercio of Spain (TSI-020100-2010-469), (3) Programa de Apoyo a la Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID-06-11-2002) de la Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, (4) Programa Prometeo (PROMETEO/2012/030) de la Conselleria d'Educacio Formacio I Ocupacio, Generalitat Valenciana and (5) Gilead Sciences, Ltd.Trenor Gomis, BA.; Gomis-Tena Dolz, J.; Cardona Urrego, KE.; Romero Pérez, L.; Rajamani, S.; Belardinelli, L.; Giles, WR.... (2013). In silico assessment of drug safety in human heart applied to late sodium current blockers. Channels. 7(4):1-14. doi:10.4161/chan.24905S11474Maltsev, V. 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Inhibition of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger suppresses torsades de pointes in an intact heart model of long QT syndrome-2 and long QT syndrome-3. Heart Rhythm, 5(10), 1444-1452. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.06.017Jia, S., Lian, J., Guo, D., Xue, X., Patel, C., Yang, L., … Yan, G.-X. (2011). Modulation of the late sodium current by ATX-II and ranolazine affects the reverse use-dependence and proarrhythmic liability of IKrblockade. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164(2), 308-316. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01181.xUNDROVINAS, A. I., BELARDINELLI, L., UNDROVINAS, N. A., & SABBAH, H. N. (2006). Ranolazine Improves Abnormal Repolarization and Contraction in Left Ventricular Myocytes of Dogs with Heart Failure by Inhibiting Late Sodium Current. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17(s1), S169-S177. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00401.xWu, L., Shryock, J. C., Song, Y., Li, Y., Antzelevitch, C., & Belardinelli, L. (2004). 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X., & Sobie, E. A. (2011). Quantification of repolarization reserve to understand interpatient variability in the response to proarrhythmic drugs: A computational analysis. Heart Rhythm, 8(11), 1749-1755. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.05.023CHANG, C., ACHARFI, S., WU, M., CHIANG, F., WANG, J., SUNG, T., & CHAHINE, M. (2004). A novel SCN5A mutation manifests as a malignant form of long QT syndrome with perinatal onset of tachycardia/bradycardia. Cardiovascular Research, 64(2), 268-278. doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.07.007Weirich, J., & Antoni, H. (1998). Rate-dependence of antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic properties of class I and class III antiarrhythmic drugs. Basic Research in Cardiology, 93(0), s125-s132. doi:10.1007/s003950050236O’Hara, T., Virág, L., Varró, A., & Rudy, Y. (2011). Simulation of the Undiseased Human Cardiac Ventricular Action Potential: Model Formulation and Experimental Validation. 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Pro-arrhythmic Effects of Low Plasma [K+] in Human Ventricle: An Illustrated Review

[EN] Potassium levels in the plasma, [Kþ]o, are regulated precisely under physiological conditions. However, increases (from approx. 4.5 to 8.0 mM) can occur as a consequence of, e.g., endurance exercise, ischemic insult or kidney failure. This hyperkalemic modulation of ventricular electrophysiology has been studied extensively. Hypokalemia is also common. It can occur in response to diuretic therapy, following renal dialysis, or during recovery from endurance exercise. In the human ventricle, clinical hypokalemia (e.g., [Kþ]o levels of approx. 3.0 mM) can cause marked changes in both the resting potential and the action potential waveform, and these may promote arrhythmias. Here, we provide essential background information concerning the main Kþ-sensitive ion channel mechanisms that act in concert to produce prominent short-term ventricular electrophysiological changes, and illustrate these by implementing recent mathematical models of the human ventricular action potential. Even small changes (~1 mM) in [Kþ]o result in significant alterations in two different Kþ currents, IK1 and HERG. These changes can markedly alter in resting membrane potential and/or action potential waveform in human ventricle. Specifically, a reduction in net outward transmembrane Kþ currents (repolarization reserve) and an increased substrate input resistance contribute to electrophysiological instability during the plateau of the action potential and may promote pro-arrhythmic early after-depolarizations (EADs). Translational settings where these insights apply include: optimal diuretic therapy, and the interpretation of data from Phase II and III trials for anti-arrhythmic drug candidates.In Valencia, this work was supported by: (i) the “Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013–2016” from the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad of Spain (DPI2016-75799-R) and AEI/FEDER, UE, and by the “Programa Prometeu (PROMETEU/2016/088) de la Conselleria d'Educació, Formació I Ocupació, Generalitat Valenciana”. and (v) GileadSciences, Ltd. Wayne Giles acknowledges receipt of financial support in the form of a salary award (Medical Scientist) from Alberta Innovates-Health Solutions, and operating funding from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Alberta.Trénor Gomis, BA.; Cardona-Urrego, KE.; Romero Pérez, L.; Gómez García, JF.; Saiz Rodríguez, FJ.; Rajamani, S.; Belardinelli, L.... (2018). Pro-arrhythmic Effects of Low Plasma [K+] in Human Ventricle: An Illustrated Review. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 28(4):233-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2017.11.002S23324228

Carbon monoxide effects on human ventricle action potential assessed by mathematical simulations

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Carbon monoxide (CO) that is produced in a number of different mammalian tissues is now known to have significant effects on the cardiovascular system. These include: (i) vasodilation, (ii) changes in heart rate and strength of contractions, and (iii) modulation of autonomic nervous system input to both the primary pacemaker and the working myocardium. Excessive CO in the environment is toxic and can initiate or mediate life threatening cardiac rhythm disturbances. Recent reports link these ventricular arrhythmias to an increase in the slowly inactivating, or “late” component of the Na+ current in the mammalian heart. The main goal of this paper is to explore the basis of this pro-arrhythmic capability of CO by incorporating changes in CO-induced ion channel activity with intracellular signaling pathways in the mammalian heart. To do this, a quite well-documented mathematical model of the action potential and intracellular calcium transient in the human ventricular myocyte has been employed. In silico iterations based on this model provide a useful first step in illustrating the cellular electrophysiological consequences of CO that have been reported from mammalian heart experiments. Specifically, when the Grandi et al. model of the human ventricular action potential is utilized, and after the Na+ and Ca2+ currents in a single myocyte are modified based on the experimental literature, early after-depolarization (EAD) rhythm disturbances appear, and important elements of the underlying causes of these EADs are revealed/illustrated. Our modified mathematical model of the human ventricular action potential also provides a convenient digital platform for designing future experimental work and relating these changes in cellular cardiac electrophysiology to emerging clinical and epidemiological data on CO toxicity.In Valencia, this work was supported by: (i) VI Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain (TIN2012-37546-0O3-01) and the European Commission (European Regional Development Funds-ERDF-FEDER)., (ii) Plan Avanza en el marco de la Accion Estrategica de Telecomunicaciones y Sociedad de la Informacion del Ministerio de Industria Turismo y Comercio of Spain (TSI-020100-2010-469), (iii) Programa deApoyo a la Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID-06-11-2002) de la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, (iv) Programa Prometeo (PROMETEO/2012/030) de la Conselleria d'Educacio Formacio I Ocupacio, Generalitat Valenciana, and (v) GileadSciences, Ltd. Wayne Giles acknowledges receipt of financial support in the form of a salary award (Medical Scientist) from Alberta Innovates-Health Solutions, and operating funding from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Alberta.Trénor Gomis, BA.; Cardona-Urrego, KE.; Saiz Rodríguez, FJ.; Rajamani, S.; Belardinelli, L.; Giles, WR. (2013). Carbon monoxide effects on human ventricle action potential assessed by mathematical simulations. Frontiers in Physiology. 4:1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00282S111

Non linear application of the OA: Comparator

Implementación y análisis de un comparador basado en amplificador operacionalhttps://polimedia.upv.es/visor/?id=867c1b70-0e03-11e6-9682-5f29c3f43a15Trénor Gomis, BA. (2016). Non linear application of the OA: Comparator. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/66997DE

Non linear application of the OA: Multivibrator. Oscillation frequency

Cálculo de la frecuencia de oscilación de la señal de salida de un multivibrador basado en amplificador operacionalhttps://polimedia.upv.es/visor/?id=8d3e3920-1150-11e6-8d9e-b595af73646bTrénor Gomis, BA. (2016). Non linear application of the OA: Multivibrator. Oscillation frequency. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/67253DE

Non linear application of the OA: Multivibrator

Implementación y análsis del multivibrador astable basado en amplificador operacionalhttps://polimedia.upv.es/visor/?id=7b929a40-1150-11e6-8d9e-b595af73646bTrénor Gomis, BA. (2016). Non linear application of the OA: Multivibrator. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/67216DE

Non linear application of the OA: Rectifiers

Implementación y análisis de circuitos rectificadores basados en amplificador operacionalhttps://polimedia.upv.es/visor/?id=9ecbc8b0-1150-11e6-8d9e-b595af73646bTrénor Gomis, BA. (2016). Non linear application of the OA: Rectifiers. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/67234DE