Water Pollution: Effects, Prevention, and Climatic Impact

The stress on our water environment as a result of increased industrialization, which aids urbanization, is becoming very high thus reducing the availability of clean water. Polluted water is of great concern to the aquatic organism, plants, humans, and climate and indeed alters the ecosystem. The preservation of our water environment, which is embedded in sustainable development, must be well driven by all sectors. While effective wastewater treatment has the tendency of salvaging the water environment, integration of environmental policies into the actor firms core objectives coupled with continuous periodical enlightenment on the present and future consequences of environmental/water pollution will greatly assist in conserving the water environment

Chemometrics validation of adsorption process economy: Case study of acetaminophen removal onto quail eggshell adsorbents

The potential of quail eggshells for acetaminophen (PCM) removal in aqueous solution was studied. Calcination greatly increased the surface area of the raw quail eggshell (RQES). Hence, surface area as determined by the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface and porosity analyzer are 680.80 m2/g for RQES while calcinated quail eggshell (CQES) had 927.30 m2/g. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis revealed pores useful for uptake of PCM. Adsorption process for the uptake of PCM onto RQES and CQES was pH-dependent with optimum pH of 7 and 6 respectively. The Freundlich adsorption isotherms suggested a multilayer adsorption of PCM unto RQES and CQES. The Dubinin Raduskevich (D-R) model best described the adsorption processes. The energy of adsorption obtained from the model for the two adsorption systems were 23.57 and 8.4515 kJ.mol−1 suggesting that chemisorption occurred within the systems. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities were 10.00 and 15.15 mg/g for uptake of PCM unto RQES and CQES respectively. Pseudo-second-order model best explained the kinetics of the adsorption processes, adsorption process was established to be feasible and feasibility increased with temperature. The process economy validation by Ordinary Least Square (OLS) cum ridge estimator followed by model performance judgment using the test mean squared error (TMSE) revealed 32% and 22.8% in PCM quantity adsorbed per unit changes in time and temperature respectively. Hence, a valid justification for economy friendliness of the prepared adsorbents in acetaminophen removal

Surface Modified Low Cost Adsorbent in Malachite Green Scavenging, Malachite Green/Rhodamine B and Malachite Green/Rhodamine B/Cu2+ Composite Treatment

Modified Irvingia gabonensis nut waste (MIg) was used for malachite green (MG) removal from aqueous solution. Adsorption operational parameters such as pH, adsorbent load, concentration with contact time were investigated to establish the behavior of MIg for subsequent applications in a complex media. The potency of MIg in the effective treatment of binary and ternary mixture of MG/rhodamine B (RhB) dyes and MG/RhB/Cu2+ solution was also studied. Optimum MG adsorption was obtained at pH of 6.0. MG-MIg kinetics adsorption data was best described by the Pseudo second order kinetic model. MG adsorption onto MIg was predominantly onto a uniform site and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was obtained to be 250mg/g. MG and RhB synergistically aided the removal of each other both in binary and ternary solutions hence 99.99% removal was observed for the two dyes after treatment with MIg. Cu2+ showed no change in concentration after treatment with MIg