Lodged in the throat: Internal infinities and AdS/CFT

In the context of AdS3/CFT2, we address spacetimes with a certain sort of internal infinity as typified by the extreme BTZ black hole. The internal infinity is a null circle lying at the end of the black hole's infinite throat. We argue that such spacetimes may be described by a product CFT of the form CFT-L * CFT-R, where CFT-R is associated with the asymptotically AdS boundary while CFT-L is associated with the null circle. Our particular calculations analyze the CFT dual of the extreme BTZ black hole in a linear toy model of AdS3/CFT2. Since the BTZ black hole is a quotient of AdS3, the dual CFT state is a corresponding quotient of the CFT vacuum state. This state turns out to live in the aforementioned product CFT. We discuss this result in the context of general issues of AdS/CFT duality and entanglement entropy.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures; v2 - some typos corrected, minor revision

The Public Repository of Xenografts enables discovery and randomized phase II-like trials in mice

More than 90% of drugs with preclinical activity fail in human trials, largely due to insufficient efficacy. We hypothesized that adequately powered trials of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in mice could efficiently define therapeutic activity across heterogeneous tumors. To address this hypothesis, we established a large, publicly available repository of well-characterized leukemia and lymphoma PDXs that undergo orthotopic engraftment, called the Public Repository of Xenografts (PRoXe). PRoXe includes all de-identified information relevant to the primary specimens and the PDXs derived from them. Using this repository, we demonstrate that large studies of acute leukemia PDXs that mimic human randomized clinical trials can characterize drug efficacy and generate transcriptional, functional, and proteomic biomarkers in both treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory disease

Processing and geologic analysis of conventional cores from well ER-20-6 No. 1, Nevada Test Site

In 1996, Well Cluster ER-20-6 was drilled on Pahute Mesa in Area 20, in the northwestern corner of the Nevada Test Site (NTS). The three wells of the cluster are located from 166 to 296 meters (m) (544 to 971 feet [ft]) southwest of the site of the underground nuclear test code-named BULLION, conducted in 1990 in Emplacement Hole U-20bd. The well cluster was planned to be the site of a forced-gradient experiment designed to investigate radionuclide transport in groundwater. To obtain additional information on the occurrence of radionuclides, nature of fractures, and lithology, a portion of Well ER-20-6 No. 1, the hole closest to the explosion cavity, was cored for later analysis. Bechtel Nevada (BN) geologists originally prepared the geologic interpretation of the Well Cluster ER-20-6 site and documented the geology of each well in the cluster. However, the cores from Well ER-20-6 No. 1 were not accessible at the time of that work. As the forced-gradient experiment and other radio nuclide migration studies associated with the well cluster progressed, it was deemed appropriate to open the cores, describe the geology, and re-package the core for long-term air-tight storage. This report documents and describes the processing, geologic analysis, and preservation of the conventional cores from Well ER20-6 No. 1

The synthesis of a new pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine C-nucleoside, structurally related to formycin B

The first preparation of the 4-deaza analogue of formycin B is described, via the reaction of 3-acetamido-2-methoxy-4-methylpyridine with a suitably protected ribonolactone and subsequent ring closure to result in the 3-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine riboside 12

A new and facile method for the preparation of 3-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridines

An efficient and facile method for the synthesis of 3-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridines is described starting from the readily accessible 3-acetamido-2-methoxy-4-methylpyridine

Synthesis of 7-aminopyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine as a probe for the preparation of compounds of pharmacological interest

A synthetic route towards the preparation of 7-aminopyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine is developed, starting from the readily accessible 2-amino-4-methyl-3-nitropyridine. The unexpected formation of 7-methylimidazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-one during the reaction sequence is also described