14 research outputs found
BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model
Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks
based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these
capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by
resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step
towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a
176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a
collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer
language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising
hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total).
We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of
benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted
finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we
publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License
Ultrafast Nanoscale Phase-Change Memory Enabled By Single-Pulse Conditioning
We describe how the crystallization
kinetics of a suite of phase-change
systems can be controlled by using a single-shot treatment via “initial
crystallization” effects. Ultrarapid and highly stable phase-change
structures (with excellent characteristics), viz. conventional and
sub-10 nm sized cells (400 ps switching and 368 K for 10 year data
retention), stackable cells (900 ps switching and 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cycles for similar “switching-on” voltages),
and multilevel configurations (800 ps switching and resistance-drift
power-law coefficients <0.11) have been demonstrated. Material
measurements and thermal calculations also reveal the origin of the
pretreatment-assisted increase in crystallization rates and the thermal
diffusion in chalcogenide structures, respectively
Design of a Nanoscale, CMOS-Integrable, Thermal-Guiding Structure for Boolean-Logic and Neuromorphic Computation
One
of the requirements for achieving faster CMOS electronics is
to mitigate the unacceptably large chip areas required to steer heat
away from or, more recently, toward the critical nodes of state-of-the-art
devices. Thermal-guiding (TG) structures can efficiently direct heat
by “meta-materials” engineering; however, some key aspects
of the behavior of these systems are not fully understood. Here, we
demonstrate control of the thermal-diffusion properties of TG structures
by using nanometer-scale, CMOS-integrable, graphene-on-silica stacked
materials through finite-element-methods simulations. It has been
shown that it is possible to implement novel, controllable, <i>thermally based</i> Boolean-logic and spike-timing-dependent
plasticity operations for advanced (neuromorphic) computing applications
using such thermal-guide architectures
Compositionally matched nitrogen-doped Ge2Sb2Te 5/Ge2Sb2Te5 superlattice-like structures for phase change random access memory
10.1063/1.4823551Applied Physics Letters10313-APPL
Compositionally matched nitrogen-doped Ge2Sb2Te5/Ge2Sb2Te5 superlattice-like structures for phase change random access memory
<p>A compositionally matched superlattice-like (SLL) structure comprised of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and nitrogen-doped GST (N-GST) was developed to achieve both low current and high endurancePhase Change Random Access Memory (PCRAM). N-GST/GST SLL PCRAM devices demonstrated ∼37% current reduction compared to single layered GST PCRAM and significantly higher write/erase endurances of ∼10<sup>8</sup> compared to ∼10<sup>6</sup> for GeTe/Sb2Te3 SLL devices. The improvements in endurance are attributed to the compositionally matched N-GST/GST material combination that lowers the diffusion gradient between the layers and the lower crystallization-induced stress in the SLL as revealed by micro-cantilever stress measurements.</p